An estimation device includes an input unit that generates supervised data including causal variables, process types, and outcome variable for each of multiple processes, and a training unit that uses the supervised data to generate a learning model by learning the outcome variables from the causal variables and the process types for each of the processes.

An example computer-implemented method for temporal data analysis and forecasting utilizes topological hierarchical decompositions to process historical and future time windows. The method receives sales data and purchase data for at least one item and generates multiple sets of historical time subsets with varying lengths, where information in shorter subsets is duplicated in longer ones. Future time windows are also generated in a similar manner. Future time windows are chronologically after a given initial time. The method creates past and future topological hierarchical decompositions and directed graph adjacency arrays. Customer attention matrices are generated for past and future windows, and matrix multiplications are performed to create self-attention arrays. These arrays are then multiplied together. The method culminates in providing a dashboard for forecasting after an initial time point, enabling comprehensive temporal data analysis and prediction.

A system and method are disclosed for proactive enhancement of a catalog. The method includes determining one or more customer clusters for a seller, determining purchase item trends for the customer clusters, deriving items from the purchase item trends that are not available in a sales catalog of the seller, prioritizing the derived items that are not available in the sales catalog, selecting items of the prioritized items to add to the sales catalog based on at least one threshold, establishing contracts for supplying the selected items, and adding the selected items to the sales catalog. The method further includes where the threshold is based on: constraints, commitments to a customer, priorities, sustainability goals, environmentally friendliness goals, warehouse space limitations and manufacturing capacity limitations.