A laminated separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, (i) includes a porous film and a porous layer containing a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin and (ii) has an excellent rate characteristic. The laminated separator includes the porous film containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component and the porous layer containing the polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin, in which a surface of the porous layer has a 60-degree specular gloss of 3% to 26%.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide for the creation of holey graphene meshes (HGMs) and composite articles including HGMs. Various embodiments provide solvent-free methods for creating arrays of holes on holey graphene-based articles formed from dry compression (such as films, discs, pellets), thereby resulting in a HGM. In further embodiments, a HGM can used as part of a composite, such as by: 1) embedding a HGM into another matrix material such as carbon, polymer, metals, metal oxides, etc; and/or (2) the HGM serving as a matrix by filling the holes of the HGM or functionalizing the HGM body with another one or more materials. In various embodiments, HGM can also be made as a composite itself by creating holes on dry-compressed articles pre-embedded with one or more other materials.

A hose includes an inner tube defining a central longitudinal axis there through, and is formed of a vulcanized rubber and a plurality of rod shaped particles orientated substantially parallel with the central longitudinal axis, along with other typical materials. The inner tube has a tube wall thickness (t) of between about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, and the plurality of rod shaped particles is incorporated in an amount of 10% or less by weight. The hose further includes a tie layer directly surrounding the inner tube, a first reinforcement layer surrounding the tie layer, and at least a second reinforcement layer surrounding the first reinforcement layer. An interlayer is interposed between the first and the second reinforcement layer, and the interlayer bonds the first reinforcement layer to the second reinforcement layer. An outside cover surrounds the second reinforcement layer, as well as any additional layers.

A separator includes a porous substrate, and a porous layer formed on one or both surfaces of the substrate and containing a polyvinylidene fluoride type resin and a filler, in which the filler content in the porous layer is from 30 to 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polyvinylidene fluoride type resin and the filler, and the polyvinylidene fluoride type resin is at least one resin selected from the following resin A and B: resin A: a copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 350,000, and a content of HFP is more than 5% by mass but not more than 11% by mass; and resin B: a copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 1,000,000, in which a content of HFP is more than 11% by mass but not more than 15% by mass.

Fiber-reinforced composites is provided. The composites include a plurality of prepreg layers, each comprising a polymeric resin and a plurality of fibers disposed therein; and at least one electrically-conductive layer at least partially embedded in the plurality of prepreg layers. These fiber-reinforced composites can save weight relative to externally provided wires and can be provided in forms suitable for use in automated fiber placement and automated tape layup machines. Advantageous applications include uses in lightning strike protection, energy storage, signal transmission, and power distribution.

A sealing device includes a functional layer having a first major surface and a second major surface and a barrier layer directly or indirectly connected to the second major surface of the functional layer, wherein the functional layer has a surface roughness having a waviness factor W.sub.f. Also disclosed is a method for producing a sealing device and the use of a sealing device for waterproofing of a substrate.

An embodiment of the invention provides a substrate for a liquid filter, the substrate including at least one A layer which is a microporous membrane-like layer containing a polyolefin, and at least one B layer which is a microporous membrane-like layer containing a polyolefin and a filler, the substrate having a bubble point of from 0.40 Mpa to 0.80 Mpa and a water permeation efficiency of from 1.0 mL/min.Math.cm.sup.2 to 4.0 mL/min.Math.cm.sup.2.

The present invention provides a laminated separator, for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, (i) including a porous film and a porous layer containing a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin and (ii) having an excellent rate characteristic. The laminated separator includes: the porous film containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component; and the porous layer containing the polyvinylidene fluoride-biased, resin, a surface of the porous layer having a 60-degree specular gloss of 3% to 26%.

A protective element, including at least one first layer and at least one second layer. The first layer is made from elastomeric material and the second layer forms a flame-retardant layer. The first layer can include silicone elastomer. The first layer can include a first filler, the first filler being made from inorganic material.