A device is provided for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles, which are contained in a coating that is applied to a first side of a web-type or a sheet-type substrate. An application device is arranged in the transport path of the substrate, by the use of which, the coating is applied or is applicable to the first side of the substrate, in at least one application site. A first cylinder, which is embodied as a magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported downstream of the application device and comprises a plurality of elements creating a magnetic field in the region of the outer periphery of the first cylinder. Another cylinder, which is embodied as a magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported and comprises a plurality of elements creating a magnetic field in the region of the outer periphery of that cylinder. A drying device or an hardening device is arranged on the transport path between a site of a winding-on of the substrate on the first cylinder and a site of a winding-on of the other cylinder. The first cylinder, which is embodied as the magnetic cylinder, is arranged in the transport path of the substrate to be transported on the second side thereof. The drying or the hardening device is oriented in the transport path of the substrate to be transported on the first side thereof.

The invention relates to a drying unit (22) for drying printed substrates (21), comprising a chamber (23) with a gaseous medium which is oxygen-reduced by means of an inert gas, wherein the substrates (21) are guided through the chamber (23) or at least can be guided through the chamber, and the chamber (23) has an entrance for the substrates (21) to be guided into the chamber (23) in the transport direction (T) of the substrates (21). The entrance for the substrates (21) to be guided into the chamber (23) is formed by two cylinders (04; 06) which are positioned against each other longitudinally. The cylinders (04; 06) positioned against each other at the entrance of the chamber (23) form a printing unit (03). One of the cylinders (04) is designed as a printing cylinder (04), and the other cylinder (06) is designed as a cylinder (06) which interacts with the printing cylinder (04) and applies a printed image onto the affected substrates (21). The two cylinders (04; 06) which are positioned against each other under pressure at the entrance of the chamber (23) form a seal which runs axially to the cylinders (04; 06) for preventing the oxygen-reduced gaseous medium from leaking out of the chamber (23) and/or for preventing oxygen from the ambient air from entering the chamber (23). The printing unit (03) arranged at the entrance of the chamber (23) is designed as a printing unit (03) for an intaglio printing process.

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the curing degree of at least one at least partially cured ink and/or varnish printed on a substrate, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a substrate, which is printed with the at least one at least partially cured ink and/or at least partially cured varnish, wherein the at least one at least partially cured ink and/or at least partially cured varnish comprises at least one extractable compound, b) cutting at least one sample from an area of the printed substrate provided in step a), placing the at least one sample in a solvent, in which at least one of the at least one extractable compound is soluble, incubating the solvent with the at least one sample placed therein for at least 10 seconds and removing the at least one sample from the solvent to obtain a solvent extract, c) quantitatively measuring a spectroscopic characteristic of the solvent extract at at least one wavelength between 190 and 4,000 nm, at which at least one of the at least one extractable compound absorbs or emits radiation, so as to obtain a measured numeric value of the spectroscopic characteristic, d) comparing the measured numeric value of the spectroscopic characteristic measured in step c) with a reference value of the spectroscopic characteristic for the same area of the printed substrate, from which the at least one sample has been cut out in step b), and e) outputting a result, wherein the reference value of the spectroscopic characteristic for the same area of the printed substrate, from which the at least one sample has been cut out in step b), has been obtained by the use of an empirical model.

Devices are provided for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles, which particles are contained in a coating that is applied on one side of a substrate, which substrate is in the form of a web or sheet. The device has a magnet cylinder, which is arranged in a transport path of the substrate to be conveyed and, in a region of the outer circumference of the magnet cylinder, the device has a plurality of devices for effecting a magnetic field, or magnet devices for short. Some or all of the magnet devices comprise a magnet which is rotatable by an associated motor. The magnet cylinder is rotatably arranged in frame walls of a frame. At least one transducer for contactless transfer of electrical energy or control signals from the outside is provided in or on the rotating magnet cylinder, which comprises a first transducer part fixed to the frame and a second transducer part fixed to the cylinder during operation.

A printing method according to the invention comprises forming a printing pattern of ink on a surface of an intermediate transfer member, transferring the printing pattern by causing the printing target surface to abut on the surface of the intermediate transfer member while supporting the printing target material by making a backup member abut on the printing target surface, increasing viscosity of the ink to predetermined viscosity by irradiating the printing pattern transferred to the printing target surface with first light, and curing the ink by irradiating the printing pattern with second light. The first light is applied to a region, out of the printing target surface, in a state that after departing from the intermediate transfer member and before abutting on the backup member. The second light is applied while the printing target material is separated from the intermediate transfer member.

A processing machine includes a dryer device. In particular, the processing machine is a printable material- or sheet-processing or a substrate-processing machine, in particular a printing machine. A method for operating a drying device in such a processing machine is also provided. The processing machine addresses the problem of creating an alternative processing machine comprising a drying device or an alternative method for operating a drying device in a processing machine. In particular, the cooling in preferably high-performs dryers in processing machines, such as substrate, or printable material-processing machines, should be improved. Especially preferably the cooling of the underside of the underside of a UV emitter should also be further improved. The problem is solved by pairing a blast air system with the drying device, by the use of which blast air system, the ambient air flowing into the air inlet opening can be or is actively influenced at a distance from the radiation source.

A machine arrangement, for sequentially processing sheet-type substrates, includes a plurality of different processing stations, one of which includes a non-impact printing device that prints the substrates. The processing station, including the non-impact printing device, also includes a printing cylinder, on the circumference of which, the non-impact printing device that prints the substrates is arranged. On the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder, four substrates are or can be placed behind each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the substrates that are to be conveyed are retained in one of a force-locking and a form-fitting manner on the circumferential surface of the printing cylinder by at least one retaining element.

In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

In an example, a printer ink dryer unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light source to dry a printer ink layer by causing evaporation of a solvent fluid therefrom.

A cylinder is usable, in particular, for aligning magnetic of magnetizable particles, which are contained in a coating medium that is applied to a first side of a web-like or a sheet-like substrate, which cylinder, in the region of its outer circumference, has a plurality of elements effecting a magnetic field, magnetic elements for short. The magnetic elements are arranged in or on a plurality of ring elements that are spaced axially apart from one another and that are positionable in the axial direction on a shaft, in or on which ring elements, in turn, a plurality of magnetic elements are respectively arranged one after the other in the circumferential direction. At least two adjacent ring elements, each have a covering element, forming a part of the cylindrical lateral surface of the cylinder and extending in the circumferential direction, at least over the circumferential region populated with magnetic elements. The covering elements of two ring elements adjacent to each other have, on their sides facing each other in the axial direction, a plurality of projections alternating in the circumferential direction with recesses and offset in a circumferential direction in such a way that, during a relative movement of the two ring elements towards each other, the projections on the covering element of one ring element engage, in the manner of teeth, in corresponding recesses of the other ring element, and, as seen in the circumferential direction, can overlap. A security paper printing machine, having such a cylinder, is also disclosed.