An ink set including a first ink containing a pigment and a water-soluble resin having an anionic group, a second ink containing substantially no pigment and a reactive component, and a third ink containing a polymer emulsion and a water-soluble resin having an anionic group. The pKa of the reactive component is lower than the pKa of the anionic group of the water-soluble resin in the first ink and higher than the pKa of the anionic group of the water-soluble resin in the third ink.

A droplet of fluid having a predetermined drop weight is ejected from a microfluidic channel. Electrical signals are received from a sensor in the microfluidic channel, wherein the electrical signals vary in response to the ejection of the droplet of fluid. The electrical signals of the sensor are calibrated to a rate of flow of fluid through the microfluidic channel based on a number of droplets ejected and the predetermined drop weight of each droplet.

A droplet of fluid having a predetermined drop weight is ejected from a microfluidic channel. Electrical signals are received from a sensor in the microfluidic channel, wherein the electrical signals vary in response to the ejection of the droplet of fluid. The electrical signals of the sensor are calibrated to a rate of flow of fluid through the microfluidic channel based on a number of droplets ejected and the predetermined drop weight of each droplet.

Provided is a printing apparatus configured to execute printing by a print head including an overlapping portion where a formation range of a first nozzle group and a formation range of a second nozzle group configured to eject ink of a same color as the first nozzle group at least partially overlap, wherein the printing apparatus includes an HT processing unit configured to generate HT data specifying a presence or absence of dots for each pixel based on image data, and a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the HT data into first HT data for driving the first nozzle group, and second HT data for driving the second nozzle group. The distribution processing unit is configured to define a switching position between the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group in the overlapping portion, based on a dot formation frequency of each nozzle position in the overlapping portion specified by, among the HT data, specific HT data corresponding to the overlapping portion, and distribute the specific HT data into the first HF data and the second HT data, based on the switching position.

Provided is a printing apparatus configured to execute printing by a print head including an overlapping portion where a formation range of a first nozzle group and a formation range of a second nozzle group configured to eject ink of a same color as the first nozzle group at least partially overlap, wherein the printing apparatus includes an HT processing unit configured to generate HT data specifying a presence or absence of dots for each pixel based on image data, and a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the HT data into first HT data for driving the first nozzle group, and second HT data for driving the second nozzle group. The distribution processing unit is configured to define a switching position between the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group in the overlapping portion, based on a dot formation frequency of each nozzle position in the overlapping portion specified by, among the HT data, specific HT data corresponding to the overlapping portion, and distribute the specific HT data into the first HF data and the second HT data, based on the switching position.

Provided are an inkjet printing device, a method for printing bipolar elements, and a method for manufacturing a display device. The inkjet printing device includes an inkjet head disposed above a stage and including a plurality of nozzles through which ink including bipolar elements each having areas doped with partially different polarities is discharged; an actuator disposed in the inkjet head and adjusting an amount of droplet of the ink discharged through the plurality of nozzles; and at least one sensing part disposed in the inkjet head and measuring a number of bipolar elements discharged through the plurality of nozzles.

Provided are an inkjet printing device, a method for printing bipolar elements, and a method for manufacturing a display device. The inkjet printing device includes an inkjet head disposed above a stage and including a plurality of nozzles through which ink including bipolar elements each having areas doped with partially different polarities is discharged; an actuator disposed in the inkjet head and adjusting an amount of droplet of the ink discharged through the plurality of nozzles; and at least one sensing part disposed in the inkjet head and measuring a number of bipolar elements discharged through the plurality of nozzles.

Methods and apparatuses for controlling aerosol streams being deposited onto a substrate via pneumatic shuttering. The aerosol stream is surrounded and focused by an annular co-flowing sheath gas in the print head of the apparatus. A boost gas flows to a vacuum pump during printing of the aerosol. A valve adds the boost gas to the sheath gas at the appropriate time, and a portion of the two gases is deflected in a direction opposite to the aerosol flow direction to at least partially prevent the aerosol from passing through the deposition nozzle. Some or all of the aerosol is combined with that portion of the boost gas and sheath gas and is exhausted from the print head. By precisely balancing the flows into and out of the print head, maintaining the flow rates of the aerosol and sheath gas approximately constant, and keeping the boost gas flowing during both printing and shuttering, the transition time between printing and partial or full shuttering of the aerosol stream is minimized. The pneumatic shuttering can be combined with a mechanical shutter for faster operation. A pre-sheath gas can be used to minimize the delay between the flow of gas in the center and the flow of gas near the sides of the print head flow channel.

Methods and apparatuses for controlling aerosol streams being deposited onto a substrate via pneumatic shuttering. The aerosol stream is surrounded and focused by an annular co-flowing sheath gas in the print head of the apparatus. A boost gas flows to a vacuum pump during printing of the aerosol. A valve adds the boost gas to the sheath gas at the appropriate time, and a portion of the two gases is deflected in a direction opposite to the aerosol flow direction to at least partially prevent the aerosol from passing through the deposition nozzle. Some or all of the aerosol is combined with that portion of the boost gas and sheath gas and is exhausted from the print head. By precisely balancing the flows into and out of the print head, maintaining the flow rates of the aerosol and sheath gas approximately constant, and keeping the boost gas flowing during both printing and shuttering, the transition time between printing and partial or full shuttering of the aerosol stream is minimized. The pneumatic shuttering can be combined with a mechanical shutter for faster operation. A pre-sheath gas can be used to minimize the delay between the flow of gas in the center and the flow of gas near the sides of the print head flow channel.

Provided is a printing apparatus configured to execute printing by a print head including an overlapping portion where a formation range of a first nozzle group and a formation range of a second nozzle group configured to eject ink of a same color as the first nozzle group at least partially overlap, wherein the printing apparatus includes an HT processing unit configured to generate HT data specifying a presence or absence of dots for each pixel based on image data, and a distribution processing unit configured to distribute the HT data into first HT data for driving the first nozzle group, and second HT data for driving the second nozzle group. The distribution processing unit is configured to define a switching position between the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group in the overlapping portion, based on a dot formation frequency of each nozzle position in the overlapping portion specified by, among the HT data, specific HT data corresponding to the overlapping portion, and distribute the specific HT data into the first HF data and the second HT data, based on the switching position.