The present disclosure provides an inkjet printing device includes a first sprayer and a second sprayer; a first alignment unit configured to align the first sprayer to be above a display region of a display substrate; a second alignment unit configured to align the second sprayer to be above a peripheral region of the display substrate, the peripheral region surrounding the display region; a control unit configured to control the first sprayer to spray a solution toward the display region of the display substrate and control the second sprayer to spray a second solvent toward the peripheral region of the display substrate, the solution being obtained by dissolving a film-forming material in a first solvent; and an evaporation unit configured to evaporate the first solvent and the second solvent so as to form a film at the display region of the display substrate.

In some examples, a printhead includes a firing chamber to receive printer fluid, an ejector positioned in the firing chamber to eject printer fluid droplets from the printhead, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the firing chamber. The printhead can further include an impedance sensor positioned in the firing chamber to contact printer fluid to measure impedance values of the printer fluid. The impedance sensor can be connectable to a controller to transmit impedance values of printer fluid to the controller.

A droplet of fluid having a predetermined drop weight is ejected from a microfluidic channel. Electrical signals are received from a sensor in the microfluidic channel, wherein the electrical signals vary in response to the ejection of the droplet of fluid. The electrical signals of the sensor are calibrated to a rate of flow of fluid through the microfluidic channel based on a number of droplets ejected and the predetermined drop weight of each droplet.

An inkjet printing apparatus may form a material layer on a substrate. The inkjet printing apparatus includes a stage, an ink-receiving member, and an inkjet head. The stage may support the substrate. The inkjet head overlaps at least one of the stage and the ink-receiving member, may provide a first set of ink to the substrate, and may provide a second set of ink to the ink-receiving member when the substrate is supported by the stage.

An inkjet printing apparatus may form a material layer on a substrate. The inkjet printing apparatus includes a stage, an ink-receiving member, and an inkjet head. The stage may support the substrate. The inkjet head overlaps at least one of the stage and the ink-receiving member, may provide a first set of ink to the substrate, and may provide a second set of ink to the ink-receiving member when the substrate is supported by the stage.

In a method for forming a thick layer of a thickness on a substrate by using an inkjet printing apparatus comprising a head module for ejecting an ink, a dot print layer is formed such that dot-shaped arrays are formed at predetermined intervals in order to prevent ink droplets, which are deposited on the substrate, from pulling each other, ink is ejected in an amount enabling a thick coating of uniform thickness to be overlapped and printed on the dot print layer, thereby forming a thick print layer with the thickness.

A printing system and a printing method, in which precision of a printing process may be enhanced, the printing system may include a controller configured to generate printing data, a user device configured to generate a first control command, generate modulation data based on a user input, and generate a second control command based on the user input, an additional controller configured to receive the printing data and the second control command and generate a driving signal based on the second control command, and including a memory storing waveform information received from the user device, and a printing device configured to perform a printing operation based on the driving signal.

A printing system and a printing method, in which precision of a printing process may be enhanced, the printing system may include a controller configured to generate printing data, a user device configured to generate a first control command, generate modulation data based on a user input, and generate a second control command based on the user input, an additional controller configured to receive the printing data and the second control command and generate a driving signal based on the second control command, and including a memory storing waveform information received from the user device, and a printing device configured to perform a printing operation based on the driving signal.

The invention provides a hard coating film insusceptible to adhesion to a soft metal, the hard coating film being suitable for use as a coating on the surface of, for example, a die in contact with the soft metal. Further, the hard coating film includes a metal element containing at least two species of elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Al, and Cr, and a non-metal element containing O (oxygen) only, or O and at least one species selected from the group consisting of C and N. A proportion accounting for the O in the total non-metal element is not less than 0.2, in atom ratio.

There is provided a liquid ejecting apparatus including: a head having a nozzle; a signal outputting part having an electrode and configured to output a signal indicating a magnitude of an electric change in the electrode; and a controller. The controller is configured to execute a determination as to whether or not the nozzle is normal based on the signal output from the signal outputting part in a case that the controller drives the head so as to eject a liquid droplet from the nozzle toward the electrode. The controller is configured to determine that the nozzle is normal in a case that the magnitude of the electric change is within a predetermined normal range, and to determine that the nozzle has a first abnormality in a case that the magnitude of the electric change is greater than the normal range.