A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric layer and a conductor layer that is provided directly or indirectly on the piezoelectric layer. In plan view, the conductor layer includes a plurality of individual electrodes that are arranged with intervals therebetween and a plurality of wiring lines that extend from the plurality of individual electrodes. Each wiring line includes a wide portion and a first narrow portion. The wide portion includes a part positioned at a center of the wiring line in a length direction. The first narrow portion is disposed between the wide portion and one of the plurality of individual electrodes to which the wiring line is connected. The first narrow portion has a width less than a width of the wide portion.

An inkjet recording device including: inkjet head having a pressure chamber; a first pressure source to adjust ink energy per unit volume to generate “energy per unit volume” P1(Pa) relative to static ink at an atmospheric pressure at a nozzle opening height; a second pressure source to adjust ink energy per unit volume to generate “energy per unit volume” P2(Pa) relative to static ink; and a hardware processor. The first pressure source, pressure chamber, and second pressure source are connected in this order by a flow path. Assuming that a pressure loss occurring from the first pressure source to the nozzle due to circulation flow rate is ΔPa, a proportionality constant of a differential pressure (P1−P2) and ΔPa is “a”, and an appropriate pressure in vicinity of the nozzle opening is Pn, the hardware processor controls pressure to establish P2={Pn−(1−a)P1}/a.

A liquid ejecting head includes a first pressure compartment extending in a first direction; a second pressure compartment extending in the first direction; a first communication passage continuous from the first pressure compartment and extending in the first direction; a second communication passage continuous to the second pressure compartment and extending in the first direction; a third communication passage continuous from the first communication passage and extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a fourth communication passage continuous to the second communication passage and extending in the second direction; a fifth communication passage continuous from the third communication passage and continuous to the fourth communication passage and extending in the first direction; and a nozzle provided on the fifth communication passage.

A liquid ejecting head includes wiring members including a first-wiring member having a first-output terminal portion extending in a first-direction and a first-input terminal portion extending in the first-direction, and a second-wiring member having a second-output terminal portion extending in the first-direction and a second-input terminal portion extending in the first-direction; and a first-wiring substrate coupled to the first and second input terminal portions, in which a center of the first-output terminal portion is located in the first-direction with respect to a center of the second-output terminal portion in plan view, a center of the first-input terminal portion is disposed in a second-direction opposite to the first-direction with respect to the center of the first-output terminal portion in the plan view, and a center of the second-input terminal portion is disposed in the first-direction with respect to the center of the second-output terminal portion in the plan view.

a first sloped portion that is provided between the first wall surface and the third wall surface includes a first constituting surface that extends in a third direction between the first direction and the second direction.

A liquid ejecting head in which a first electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode layer of a piezoelectric element are laminated, a pressure chamber, which is partitioned by a partition wall, has an elongated shape, in a structure including the diaphragm and the piezoelectric element including an active portion and a non-active portion lateral direction, a first position is a position on an inner side of the active portion when viewed in the thickness direction, a second position is a position on an inner side of the non-active portion and closest to a boundary between the pressure chamber and the partition wall, and EI1/EI2≤40, wherein EI1 is a bending rigidity of the active portion at the first position and EI2 is a bending rigidity of the non-active portion at the second position.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a liquid ejection apparatus including: a liquid ejection head including a conversion element that generates energy required to eject liquid, a first protection layer that blocks contact between the conversion element and the liquid, a second protection layer that partially covers the first protection layer and functions as a first electrode, a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode through the liquid, and an ejection port that ejects the liquid, and a control unit configured to control a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode in printing to a predetermined value by changing at least one of potentials of the first electrode and the second electrode. The control unit sets the potential difference based on at least one of a condition and a configuration of the liquid ejection head.

The present disclosure relates to a printing apparatus, and the printing apparatus according to the present disclosure includes an optical unit for expanding and displaying a hitting point of ink, from above a substrate; and a nozzle unit for ejecting the ink, wherein the nozzle unit includes a nozzle body that is obliquely disposed with respect to the substrate; and a nozzle that is coupled to the nozzle body, and has a flow path from which the ink is ejected, and has a tip that is bended towards the substrate.

A liquid ejection head includes a print element substrate having an ejection port surface in which a plurality of ejection ports are arranged and a temperature control unit that controls a temperature of the ejection port surface. The print element substrate ejects a liquid from the plurality of ejection ports onto a medium moved by the liquid ejection head relatively to the liquid ejection head. The ejection port surface includes a region on a downstream side of the ejection port surface in a direction in which the medium relatively moves when the medium is viewed from the liquid ejection head, and includes a region on an upstream side of the ejection port surface in the relative moving direction. The temperature control unit control the temperature of the ejection port surface so that a temperature of the downstream side region becomes higher than a temperature of the upstream side region.

An apparatus for supplying chemical liquid may include at least two ink jet heads, a reservoir for receiving a chemical liquid provided onto a substrate from each of the at least two ink jet heads, a chemical liquid for supplying member providing the chemical liquid to each of the at least two ink jet heads, and a chemical liquid collecting member for drawing and collecting a chemical liquid remained in each of the at least two ink jet heads. One path of the chemical liquid from the chemical liquid supplying member to the chemical liquid collecting member via one of the at least two ink jet heads may be substantially the same as a length of another path the of chemical liquid from the chemical liquid supplying member to the chemical liquid collecting member via the other of the at least two ink jet heads.