A piezoelectric actuator includes: a plurality of discrete electrodes, which is disposed on one side of a piezoelectric element; a common electrode, which is disposed on the other side of the piezoelectric element; a plurality of discrete contacts, which are respectively connected to the plurality of discrete electrodes, and wherein the plurality of discrete electrodes include: a first discrete electrode; and a second discrete electrode, which is disposed at a position away from a corresponding discrete contact as compared with the first discrete electrode, wherein the common electrode includes: a first common electrode, which faces the first discrete electrode in the thickness direction; and a second common electrode, which is separated from the first common electrode in the surface direction and faces the second discrete electrode in the thickness direction, and wherein a connection wiring is provided to connect the first common electrode with the second common electrode.

A joining method includes a process of applying a joining material including a thermosetting resin to a member. The joining material includes an addition-type silicone resin. The joining material includes one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of a methyl-based straight silicone resin, a phenyl-based silicone resin, and a modified silicone resin.

A method of forming a through-substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the method causing the first surface to communicate with the second surface through the substrate, the method including: a first step that forms a first trench from the first surface side of the substrate using dry etching, the first trench having side surfaces on which protective film is formed; and a second step that forms a second trench from the second surface side using dry etching, the second trench communicating with the first trench having the side surfaces on which the protective film is formed.

A bonding resin that bonds substrates to each other in a state of being spaced with a gap between the substrates is configured by stacking a photosensitive resin and a bonding reinforcement resin which is different from the photosensitive resin, the photosensitive resin is patterned in one substrate, and the bonding reinforcement resin which is stacked on the patterned photosensitive resin has a fillet being a wet-spreading portion or a portion which swells outward from the photosensitive resin.

A method for manufacturing a liquid ejection head includes the steps of: preparing a substrate including an energy-generating element disposed on a first surface of the substrate and a supply path for liquid; disposing a dry film on the first surface of the substrate in such a manner that the dry film partially enters the supply path; etching the dry film from a side of the dry film facing the first surface of the substrate so that the dry film has an etched surface substantially in parallel with the first surface and covers the supply path; forming a resin layer to be a flow path member on the dry film covering the supply path; and removing the dry film covering the supply path.

A conduction structure includes a device substrate (third substrate) including a conductive portion, an IC (second substrate) including an upper surface, an end surface inclined toward the upper surface, and a conductive portion (second conductive portion), a sealing plate (first substrate) including an upper surface, an end surface (first side wall portion) inclined toward the upper surface, and a conductive portion (first conductive portion), and plating layers that respectively form electrical connections between a conductive portion and a conductive portion and between a conductive portion and the conductive portion.

A method for manufacturing a liquid discharging apparatus having a liquid discharging head that is attached to an apparatus main body so as to be capable of being attached or detached and that discharges a liquid from a nozzle includes: identifying an alignment shift of the liquid discharging head attached to the apparatus main body; and identifying correction information that is correlated with the alignment shift identified in the identifying of the alignment shift based on a correction information table in which the correction information related to liquid discharge control and the alignment shift are correlated with each other.

An ink-jet recording head includes a plurality of recording element substrates each having an ejection pressure generating element configured to generate pressure for ejecting ink from an ink discharge port. The plurality of recording element substrates each include a first surface on which the corresponding ejection pressure generating element is disposed and a second surface, serving as an end surface intersecting with the first surface, being at least partially formed by etching.

An ink-jet recording head includes a plurality of recording element substrates each having an ejection pressure generating element configured to generate pressure for ejecting ink from an ink discharge port. The plurality of recording element substrates each include a first surface on which the corresponding ejection pressure generating element is disposed and a second surface, serving as an end surface intersecting with the first surface, being at least partially formed by etching.

An inkjet printhead includes a head body in which a first fine channel that is connected to an ink inlet and thus guides an inflow of ink, a second fine channel that is disposed below the first fine channel, communicated with the first fine channel through a connection via hole, and guides an outflow of the ink by being connected to an ink outlet, and a nozzle that is opened downward from the second fine channel are defined, and a micro heater that is disposed closer to the connection via hole in an upper portion of the first fine channel than to an end of the first fine channel where the first fine channel is connected to the ink inlet or an end of the second fine channel where the second fine channel is connected to the ink outlet.