A thermal transfer sheet, a combination of an intermediate transfer medium and a thermal transfer sheet, method for producing a printed material using the thermal transfer sheet, and a decorative material, wherein the thermal transfer sheet includes a transfer layer on one surface of a substrate, the transfer layer having a single layer structure consisting only of a heat seal layer or a multilayer structure including a heat seal layer, and in a case where the transfer layer has the multilayer structure, the heat seal layer among the layers constituting the transfer layer is positioned closest to the substrate. The heat seal layer contains one or both of (i) a polyester having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 C. or more and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 15000 or less, and (ii) a polyester having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 55 C.

A thermal head X1 according to the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat generator, an electrode, and a protective layer. The heat generator is positioned on the substrate. The electrode is positioned on the substrate and connected to the heat generator. The protective layer covers the heat generator and part of the electrode. The protective layer contains titanium and nitrogen. The protective layer satisfies P2>P1 where P1 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (111) plane, and P2 is the peak intensity of X-ray diffraction of the (200) plane.

A thermal print head includes a substrate; a protrusion formed on an obverse surface of the substrate and extending in a main scanning direction; heat generating parts disposed on a top surface of the protrusion and arranged along the main scanning direction; and columnar heat storage members embedded in the protrusion and disposed in a given area having a width in a sub-scanning direction and being elongated in the main scanning direction. Each of the columnar heat storage members is elongated in a thickness direction of the substrate and has an upper end and a lower end, with the upper end being disposed at the same level of the top surface of the protrusion.

Provided herein is a printing apparatus including a printhead movable between a first position and a second position. The printhead includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate define at least a first burn line and a second burn line, respectively, of heating elements disposed adjacent to a first edge and a second edge, respectively of the printhead. A printhead bracket receives the printhead in one of the first position or the second position. In the first position, the heating elements of the first burn line perform a printing operation and the printhead bracket is configured to preclude operation of the heating elements of the second burn line. In the second position, the heating elements of the second burn line perform a printing operation, and the printhead bracket is configured to preclude operation of the heating elements of the first burn line.

According to one embodiment, a thermal print head includes a heat sink; a head substrate placed on the heat sink and having a plurality of heat generating elements arranged in a primary scanning direction; a circuit board placed on the heat sink so as to be adjacent to the head substrate in an auxiliary scanning direction and provided with a connection circuit; and a control element electrically connected to the heat generating element via a first bonding wire and electrically connected to the connection circuit via a second bonding wire, in which at least one of the first bonding wire and the second bonding wire includes any of a copper wire, a copper alloy wire, and a wire mainly made of copper and coated with a metal different from copper.

A method of manufacturing a thermal print head structure includes the following steps. A glaze layer, a heating resistor layer, an electrode layer and a photoresist layer are sequentially coated on a substrate, in which the photoresist layer has an arc ridge portion in accordance with the formation of the glaze layer. The arc ridge portion of the photoresist layer is partially removed such that a sunken portion is formed on the arc ridge portion. The photoresist layer is fully thinned to remove a bottom of the sunken portion, so that a local position of the electrode layer is revealed. The local position of the electrode layer is etched so that the heating resistor layer is partially revealed outwardly. The photoresist layer is removed from the electrode layer. A protective layer is formed on the electrode layer, the heating resistor layer, and the substrate.

A printing system includes a controller and a thermal printing head including multiple driving elements and an integrated transmission control interface. The thermal printing head is coupled to the controller. The driving elements are configured to print. The integrated transmission control interface coupled to the controller and driving elements is configured to receive from the controller at least one of a compensation data, a printing data, a clock signal, a data signal, a latch signal or a start-heating signal, and send to driving elements the at least one of the compensation data, the printing data, the clock signal, the data signal, the latch signal or the start-heating signal.

Certain embodiments provide a thermal print head including: a first heat storage layer formed on a substrate; a heat generator formed on the first heat storage layer; an electrode formed from the first heat storage layer to the substrate and electrically connected to the heat generator; and a barrier layer that covers the electrode and is formed by a CVD method.

A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate 7, a heat generating unit 9, an electrode, a covering layer 27, and a covering member 29. The heat generating unit 9 is positioned above the substrate 7. The electrode is positioned above the substrate and connected to the heat generating unit 9. The covering layer 27 covers at least a part of the electrode when viewed in plan. The covering member 29 is positioned on the covering layer 27. The covering layer 27 has an upper surface 27a and a lateral surface 27b that is positioned on a side of the heat generating unit 9. An arithmetic-average surface roughness Ra of the lateral surface 27b is higher than an arithmetic-average surface roughness Ra of the upper surface 27a.

An ink contains water, an organic solvent, a polyurethane resin, and a cyclic ester including a structure represented by Chemical formula I, wherein the proportion of the cyclic ester having a crystal having a particle diameter of 1 m or greater is less than 4 ppm of the total of the ink after the ink is allowed to stand at a temperature range of from 20 to 30 degrees C. for 30 days.

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