An optical head comprises a substrate on which optical elements are arranged in a main scanning direction, a lens unit that transmits light emitted from the optical elements or light entering the optical elements, and a holder that holds the lens unit. The holder has a sidewall extending in the main scanning direction. The sidewall has a hole at a position facing the lens unit. A fixing member is provided in the hole. The fixing member fixes the lens unit to the sidewall.

Optical scanner and electrophotographic image forming device are provided. The optical scanner includes a light source; and a first optical unit, a deflection apparatus, and an f-θ lens, which are sequentially arranged along a primary optical axis direction of a light beam emitted from the light source. The light beam emitted from the light source is focused onto a scanning target surface after sequentially passing through the first optical unit, the deflection apparatus, and the f-θ lens. Optical scanning directions of the light beam emitted from the light source include a primary scanning direction and a secondary scanning direction which are perpendicular to each other, and along the primary scanning direction, the f-θ lens satisfies following expressions: SAG1>0, SAG2>0, and 0<(SAG1+SAG2)/d<0.8.

An exposure optics serves as an equipping and/or retrofitting optics for a device for producing a three-dimensional object by selectively solidifying building material, layer by layer. The exposure optics includes at least a first object-sided lens system having a first focal length f.sub.1 and a second image-sided lens system having a second focal length f.sub.2, which lens systems can be arranged in the beam path of the radiation emitted by the radiation source. The focal plane of the first lens system and the focal plane of the second lens system coincide in a plane between the two lens systems. The focal length f.sub.1 of the first lens system is equal to or greater than the focal length f.sub.2 of the second lens system. The exposure optics is designed and can be arranged such that the electromagnetic radiation is incident substantially perpendicular on the working surface.

A light emitting device, includes: a base plate extending in a first direction; multiple light emitting units arranged on a surface of the base plate while being shifted from each other in the first direction, and each including a support body extending in the first direction and multiple light sources supported on the support body while being arranged in the first direction; and a flow path disposed over the surface of the base plate to surround at least part of the light emitting units and allowing air to flow therethrough in the first direction.

A light emitting device includes: a base plate extending in a first direction; a plurality of light emitting units arranged over a front surface of the base plate while being shifted from each other in the first direction, and each including a support body extending in the first direction and a plurality of light sources supported on the support body while being arranged in the first direction; a flow path disposed on a side of the base plate opposite to a side facing the light emitting units to feed air therethrough in the first direction; and a wire electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of the light emitting units, and disposed inside the flow path.

A laser marking system (10) comprises a marking controller (11) operable to control a plurality of laser diodes (13) to emit light through optical fibre (14) such that the emitting, ends of the optical fibres (14) form a multi-emitter array. Light emitted from the emitting ends of the optical fibres (14) is focussed by a lensing arrangement (15) on a substrate (16). The lensing arrangement (15) is substantially telecentric such that the non-telecentric angle, θ.sub.t, of the telecentric lens assembly satisfies (Formula I) where θ.sub.1/2 is the half angle divergence of the emitter beam and 1/F is the fraction of the emitter spot diameter d.sub.o that corresponds to the maximum acceptable displacement in the image plane.

According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a light emitting element array, a photosensitive member, a transparent member, a gap spacer, and a biasing member. The light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements. The photosensitive member forms a latent image by being exposed by light emitted from the light emitting element array. The transparent member is positioned between the photosensitive member and the light emitting element array. The transparent member has a relative position fixed with respect to the light emitting element array, and transmits the light emitted from the light emitting element array. The gap spacer keeps a distance between the photosensitive member and the transparent member constant. The biasing member biases the transparent member toward the photosensitive member.

According to an embodiment, a laser processing apparatus, that perform laser processing on an object with laser light, includes a plurality of optical heads. The optical heads each includes a laser head unit that emits a plurality of laser light beams in an arranged manner in a predetermined direction, and an optical system that focuses the emitted plurality of laser light beams on the object conveyed relatively with respect to the laser head unit in a conveying direction intersecting the predetermined direction. The optical heads each includes a first optical head group and a second optical head group in which the optical heads are adjacent to each other in the predetermined direction. The first optical head group and the second optical head group are adjacent to each other in the conveying direction and arranged while being shifted from each other by a predetermined length in the predetermined direction.

According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a light emitting element array, a photosensitive member, a transparent member, a gap spacer, and a biasing member. The light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements. The photosensitive member forms a latent image by being exposed by light emitted from the light emitting element array. The transparent member is positioned between the photosensitive member and the light emitting element array. The transparent member has a relative position fixed with respect to the light emitting element array, and transmits the light emitted from the light emitting element array. The gap spacer keeps a distance between the photosensitive member and the transparent member constant. The biasing member biases the transparent member toward the photosensitive member.

The invention describes a laser printing system (100) for illuminating an object moving relative to a laser module of the laser printing system (100) in a working plane (180), the laser module comprising at least two laser arrays of semiconductor lasers and at least one optical element, wherein the optical element is adapted to image laser light emitted by the laser arrays, such that laser light of semiconductor lasers of one laser array is imaged to one pixel in the working plane of the laser printing system, and wherein the laser printing system is a 3D printing system for additive manufacturing and wherein two, three, four or a multitude of laser modules (201, 202) are provided, which are arranged in columns (c1, c2) perpendicular to a direction of movement (250) of the object in the working plane (180), and wherein the columns are staggered with respect to each other such that a first laser module (201) of a first column of laser modules (c1) is adapted to illuminate a first area (y1) of the object and a second laser module (202) of a second column (c2) of laser modules is adapted to illuminate a second area (y2) of the object, wherein the first area (y1) is adjacent to the second area (y2) such that continuous illumination of the object is enabled.