In a method for operating a printing apparatus and an printing apparatus suitable for performing such a method, the printing apparatus includes a page-wide curing array including a number of individually controllable units. The individually controllable units are operable in at least two modes, the at least two modes being an Off mode and an On mode.

An LED head includes a base material having one or more wiring pattern formation surfaces and one or more metal wiring patterns formed on the one or more wiring pattern formation surfaces. When the occupancy ratio of the one or more metal wiring patterns in a first region of a substrate is A, and the occupancy ratio of the one or more metal wiring patterns in a second region of the substrate is B, the LED head satisfies 0.75A/B1 or 0.75B/A1.

An imaging device for projecting individually controllable laser beams onto an imaging surface movable in an X-direction. The device includes a plurality of semiconductor chips each comprising a plurality of laser beam emitting elements arranged in a main array of M.Math.N. The chips are mounted such that each pair of adjacent chips in the Y-direction are offset from one another in the X-direction and, if activated continuously, the emitted laser beams of the two chips of said pair trace on the imaging surface a set of parallel lines that are substantially uniformly spaced in the Y-direction. In addition to the M.Math.N elements of the main array, each chip comprises at least one additional column on one or each side, each additional column containing at least one selectively operable element capable of compensating for any misalignment in the Y-direction in the relative positioning of the adjacent chips on the support.

An exposure optics serves as an equipping and/or retrofitting optics for a device for producing a three-dimensional object by selectively solidifying building material, layer by layer. The exposure optics includes at least a first object-sided lens system having a first focal length f.sub.1 and a second image-sided lens system having a second focal length f.sub.2, which lens systems can be arranged in the beam path of the radiation emitted by the radiation source. The focal plane of the first lens system and the focal plane of the second lens system coincide in a plane between the two lens systems. The focal length f.sub.1 of the first lens system is equal to or greater than the focal length f.sub.2 of the second lens system. The exposure optics is designed and can be arranged such that the electromagnetic radiation is incident substantially perpendicular on the working surface.

A brushless motor device including: a rotor; a stator including a first coil, a second coil and a third coil, first ends of which are Y-connected to each other; a motor driver including an inverter circuit including switching elements and configured to: switch ON and OFF states of each switching element of the inverter circuit, wherein by switching the ON and OFF states of each switching element of the inverter circuit, the motor driver is configured to switch an energization time period from a first time period in which current is caused to flow from the first coil to the third coil to a second time period in which current is caused to flow from the second coil to the third coil and set both voltages of second ends of the second coil and the third coil to a power supply voltage during the second time period.

An optical print head, including: an elongated substrate having a line-shaped region in which light-emitting elements are arranged; an optical member condensing light from the light-emitting elements onto an irradiation target; a holding member holding the optical member; a base member holding the substrate and the holding member; an integrated circuit mounted in a first region in proximity of an end in a longitudinal direction of the substrate on a first surface of the substrate facing the base member, heat being generated in the integrated circuit during optical writing; and a thermally conductive member between the integrated circuit and the base member. In the optical print head, the holding member has a support portion contacting the substrate in a second region at a position differing from the first region in plan view on a second surface of the substrate not facing the base member.

An imaging device for projecting individually controllable laser beams onto an imaging surface movable in an X-direction. The device includes a plurality of semiconductor chips each comprising a plurality of laser beam emitting elements arranged in a main array of M.Math.N. The chips are mounted such that each pair of adjacent chips in the Y-direction are offset from one another in the X-direction and, if activated continuously, the emitted laser beams of the two chips of said pair trace on the imaging surface a set of parallel lines that are substantially uniformly spaced in the Y-direction. In addition to the M.Math.N elements of the main array, each chip comprises at least one additional column on one or each side, each additional column containing at least one selectively operable element capable of compensating for any misalignment in the Y-direction in the relative positioning of the adjacent chips on the support.

An optical print head including light emitting elements, drivers, setters, a detector, and a generator. The detector is for detecting a noise component superimposed on a luminance signal, on transmission circuitry for transmitting the luminance signal from a setter to a driver, in a state in which the setter is outputting the luminance signal. The generator, for each light emitting element due to emit light in a line subsequent to a line for which the detector detected the noise component, generates and causes a setter corresponding to the light emitting element to output an adjusted luminance signal such that the light emitting element emits a light emission amount according to image data in a state in which the noise component detected by the detector is to superimposed on the adjusted luminance signal.

An exposure head includes a light emitting board group, a first lens array, and a second lens array. The light emitting board group disposes a plurality of light emitting boards each including a plurality of light emitting elements disposed side by side in a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The plurality of light emitting boards are disposed along the second direction and alternately in the first direction. The light emitting board group includes a first light emitting board group and a second light emitting board group. The first lens array condenses light emitted from the plurality of light emitting elements disposed on the first light emitting board group onto the surface of the image bearing member. The second lens array condenses light emitted from the plurality of light emitting elements disposed on the second light emitting board group onto the surface of the image bearing member.

An exposure unit includes a light-emitting element array and a lens array. The light-emitting element array includes a plurality of light-emitting elements that are disposed in a first direction and each emit a light beam. The lens array faces the light-emitting element array in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, and focuses the light beams emitted from the respective light-emitting elements. The following expression [3] is satisfied. A symmetric property, determined from the following expression [1], of a light amount distribution in the first direction of at least one of the light beams focused by the lens array satisfies the following expression [2].
S=|(HLHR)/(XE/2)|[1]
0S0.65[2]
LoLB[3]