A pneumatic tire has a ratio SW/OD between the total tire width SW and the tire external diameter OD satisfying SW/OD0.3. A first region A is defined between a pair of first boundary lines, second regions B are defined between a first boundary line and a second boundary line, and third regions C are defined on the bead toe side of the second boundary lines. Defining SA, SB, and SC as the cross-sectional area (mm.sup.2) of the first region A to the third region C, and defining the peripheral length (mm) of the first region A to third region C along the tire inner surface as a, b, and c, SA/a and SB/b satisfy 7.5SA/a11.5 and 2.0SB/b6.0, and the ratio TDW/SW between the developed tread width TDW and the total tire width SW satisfies 0.7TDW/SW0.95.

Provided is a pneumatic tire in which a cord including an aramid fiber is used for a reinforcing cord for a carcass ply, and the cut resistance, the steering stability, and the light-weightness are improved. Provided is a pneumatic tire 10 including a carcass 4 composed of at least one carcass ply as a skeleton, and a reinforcing cord of the carcass ply includes an aramid fiber, and the upper twist coefficient T represented by the following formula: T=N{(0.125D/2)/}10.sup.3 (in the formula, N represents the twist count (count/10 cm) of the cord, D represents the total fineness of the cord, and represents the density of the cord) is 0.5 or higher, the total fineness is 1,800 dtex or lower, and the end count of the reinforcing cord in the carcass ply is 55 counts/5 cm or larger.

A pneumatic tire includes a tread portion, sidewall portions, bead portions, and has at least one carcass layer disposed between the pair of bead portions. The ratio SW/OD between the total tire width SW and the tire external diameter OD satisfies the relationship SW/OD0.3. A first region A is defined between a pair of first boundary lines (L1, L1), second regions B are defined between a first boundary line (L1) and a second boundary line (L2), and third regions C are defined on the bead toe side of the second boundary lines (L2). Defining SA, SB, and SC as the cross-sectional area (mm.sup.2) of the first region A to the third region C, and defining the peripheral lengths (mm) of the first region A to third region C along the tire inner surface as a, b, and c, respectively, the relationship 7.5SA/a11.5 is satisfied.

A method of forming a layer of tire ply is disclosed. A first strip of ply is provided having a plurality of evenly spaced reinforcement cords, having a spacing S, and having a lateral end, wherein the last cord is spaced apart from strip end a distance X, wherein X is not equal to S. A second strip of ply is provided having a plurality of evenly spaced reinforcement cords, having a spacing S, and having a lateral end, wherein the last cord is spaced apart from strip end a distance Y, wherein Y is not equal to S. The lateral ends of the first and second strip are joined together in a lap joint. The first and second lateral ends are overlapped so that the spacing X preferrably does not overlap, but may partially overlap with the spacing Y.

A pneumatic tire having a carcass and a belt reinforcing structure, the belt reinforcing structure comprising: a zigzag belt reinforcing structure formed of a strip of reinforcement cords, the strip of reinforcement cords being inclined at 5 to 30 degrees relative to the centerplane of the tire extending in alternation to turnaround points at each lateral edge, wherein the strip of cords is formed from two different cords made of different materials.

A steel cord for rubber reinforcement that has a construction with an outer layer and an inner strand surrounded by and adjacent to the outer layer, the inner strand having at least one steel filament with a number of N.sub.1 and an average diameter of d.sub.1 expressed in mm, the outer layer having steel filaments with a number of N.sub.2 and an average diameter of d.sub.2 expressed in mm. The inner strand has a torque T.sub.1 and the outer layer has a torque T.sub.2, the relation between T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 is defined. By doing this, the tip rise problem of the rubber ply reinforced by steel cords is reduced.

A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement having at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements. The tire includes a crown reinforcement, itself radially capped by a tread. The tread is connected to two beads by two sidewalls. The reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement have at least one filamentary element and at least one sheath covering the at least one filamentary element. The at least one sheath includes at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The thickness of rubber compound between the internal surface of the tire cavity and the point of a metal reinforcing element of the carcass reinforcement that is closest to the internal surface of the cavity is less than or equal to 3.8 mm.

The tire (10) comprises a crown (12) surmounted by a tread (22), two sidewalls (24), two beads (26), each sidewall (24) connecting each bead (26) to the crown (12), a carcass reinforcement (34) anchored in each of the beads (26) and extending in the sidewalls (24) as far as the crown (12). The carcass reinforcement (34) comprises one carcass ply (44) comprising carcass reinforcing elements (46) having a mean laying pitch (P) strictly greater than 1.5 mm. The carcass ply (44) comprises an elastomer matrix (54) in which the carcass reinforcing elements (46) are embedded, each carcass reinforcing element (46) comprising: one filamentary element (56), and one sheath (58) coating the filamentary element (56) and comprising at least one layer (60) of a thermoplastic polymer composition.

Radial carcass tire for a civil engineering vehicle, having two bead wires (2) of radial height Ht, and carcass reinforcement made of two layers, the first (1) being radially innermost with a radial height Hdc, is anchored in each bead to form a main part (11) and a turn-up (12). The second layer (3) is radially outside the first layer (1). The free end (A) of the turn-up (12) is at a radial distance from the radially outermost point (21) of the bead wire that is at least equal to 1 and at most equal to 2 times Ht. From the end A of the turn-up (12) to the point B at 85% of the radial height Hdc, the distance between carcass layers is at least equal to 2 and at most equal to 11 times the diameter of metal reinforcers of first carcass layer (1).

A tyre (1) for motorcycle wheels is described comprising a carcass structure (2), a belt structure (6) applied at a radially outer position with respect to the carcass structure (2), and a tread band (8) applied at a radially outer position with respect to the belt structure (6), wherein the carcass structure (2) comprises a carcass layer (2a) which comprises a plurality of reinforcing cords comprising one or more textile yarns comprising a plurality of textile filaments made of a material selected from rayon, PET, PEN, and PEEK, and/or hybrid reinforcing cords comprising a plurality of textile filaments made of a combination of two or more of rayon, PET, PEN, and PEEK, embedded in a vulcanized elastomeric material having a dynamic elastic modulus E measured at 70 C. and 100 Hz comprised between 5.0 and 9.0 MPa and a tandelta measured at 70 C. and 100 Hz comprised between 0.130 and 0.170. The vulcanized elastomeric material also comprises a white silica-based reinforcing filler and a residual unreacted amount of a silane coupling agent of the white silica-based reinforcing filler, expressed as an amount of silicon measured by ICP-OES, greater than or equal to 70 ppm.