An air conditioning system of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine includes a condenser configured to receive refrigerant output by an electric compressor and transfer heat from the refrigerant within the condenser to air passing the condenser. A first evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a first control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the first evaporator to the refrigerant within the first evaporator. A first blower is configured to blow air across the first evaporator to a first section of a cabin of the vehicle. A second evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a second control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the second evaporator to the refrigerant within the second evaporator. A second blower is configured to blow air across the second evaporator to a second section of the cabin of the vehicle.

An air conditioning system of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine includes a condenser configured to receive refrigerant output by an electric compressor and transfer heat from the refrigerant within the condenser to air passing the condenser. A first evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a first control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the first evaporator to the refrigerant within the first evaporator. A first blower is configured to blow air across the first evaporator to a first section of a cabin of the vehicle. A second evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a second control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the second evaporator to the refrigerant within the second evaporator. A second blower is configured to blow air across the second evaporator to a second section of the cabin of the vehicle.

An air conditioning system of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine includes a condenser configured to receive refrigerant output by an electric compressor and transfer heat from the refrigerant within the condenser to air passing the condenser. A first evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a first control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the first evaporator to the refrigerant within the first evaporator. A first blower is configured to blow air across the first evaporator to a first section of a cabin of the vehicle. A second evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a second control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the second evaporator to the refrigerant within the second evaporator. A second blower is configured to blow air across the second evaporator to a second section of the cabin of the vehicle.

An air conditioning system of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine includes a condenser configured to receive refrigerant output by an electric compressor and transfer heat from the refrigerant within the condenser to air passing the condenser. A first evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a first control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the first evaporator to the refrigerant within the first evaporator. A first blower is configured to blow air across the first evaporator to a first section of a cabin of the vehicle. A second evaporator is configured to receive refrigerant from the condenser when a second control valve is open and transfer heat from air passing the second evaporator to the refrigerant within the second evaporator. A second blower is configured to blow air across the second evaporator to a second section of the cabin of the vehicle.

An exterior heat exchanger is provided with paths P1-P4. The flow rate of the air being blown by an exterior blower to pass through the path P4 closer to a refrigerant outlet of the exterior heat exchanger is set to be higher than that of the air being blown by the exterior blower to pass through the path P1 closer to a refrigerant inlet of the exterior heat exchanger. An air-conditioning controller activates cooling fans during a defrosting mode of operation.

A semiconductor device includes a chip stack structure including a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip includes a first substrate, a first circuit layer on a front surface of the first substrate, and a first connecting layer disposed on the first circuit layer and including a first metal pad electrically connected to the first circuit layer. The second semiconductor chip includes a second substrate, a second circuit layer on a front surface of the second substrate, and a second connecting layer disposed on the second circuit layer and including a second metal pad electrically connected to the second circuit layer. The first connecting layer faces the second connecting layer. The first and second metal pads are in contact with each other to couple the first and second semiconductor chips to each other.

A heat pump system includes a heat pump cycle, a heat medium circulation circuit, and a refrigeration cycle device. The refrigeration cycle device is configured to perform a defrosting operation when a frost formation determiner determines that frost is formed. A throttle opening degree controller is configured to increase an opening degree in the defrosting operation. A pumping capacity controller is configured to increase a pumping capacity in the defrosting operation with increase of a required heating capacity required for heating a heating target fluid, the pumping capacity controller increasing the pumping capacity such that heat of refrigerant discharged from a compressor is transferred to heat medium in a first heat exchanger within a range in which a temperature of the refrigerant flowing into an outside heat exchanger is capable of melting the frost formed on the outside heat exchanger.

A heat pump device includes an air conditioning control device configured to switch the heat pump device among a plurality of operation modes including an air-heating operation mode in which an indoor heat exchanger serves as a radiator and an outdoor heat exchanger serves as a heat absorber, and an air-cooling operation mode in which the indoor heat exchanger serves as a heat absorber and the outdoor heat exchanger serves as a radiator. The air conditioning control device switch a refrigerant pipe such that refrigerant is, in the air-cooling operation mode, supplied to part of the outdoor heat exchanger serving as a refrigerant inlet in the air-heating operation mode.

A control method for a heat pump system, or for a motor vehicle, which includes a compressor, an internal heat exchanger forming a condenser in a heating mode, an expansion valve, an outer heat exchanger forming an evaporator in the heating mode, and an accumulator. The defrosting of the outer exchanger is detected, the defrosting of the accumulator is detected, and depending on the case, defrosting the outer exchanger and/or defrosting the accumulator is started.

An arrangement for de-icing a heat exchanger includes an air guiding housing and at least one fan. The air guiding housing is configured to take in an air from an outside of a motor vehicle through an inlet opening and to discharge the air from an outlet opening. The fan is positioned between the inlet opening and the outlet opening inside the air guiding housing and is configured to circulate the air in the air guiding housing. The heat exchanger is positioned between the inlet opening and the outlet opening inside the air guiding housing and allows the air to pass therethrough, thereby being configured to cool the air. The inlet opening and the outlet opening each are configured to be closed. The air guiding housing is configured to cause a circulation flow therein when the fan is operated while the inlet opening and the outlet opening are closed.