There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioning device of a heat pump system which delays proceeding of frosting onto an outdoor heat exchanger, thereby eliminating or inhibiting deterioration of a heating capability due to the frosting. The vehicle air conditioning device executes a heating mode in which a controller lets a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiate heat in a radiator 4, decompresses the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated, and then lets the refrigerant absorb heat in an outdoor heat exchanger 7, and on the basis of a difference TXO=(TXObaseTXO) between a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXObase of the outdoor heat exchanger 7 in non-frosting and a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXO of the outdoor heat exchanger 7, the controller corrects a target subcool degree TGSC that is a target value of a subcool degree of the refrigerant in the radiator 4 in an increasing direction in accordance with increase of the difference TXO.

The invention relates to a coolant circulation loop (100) for a motor vehicle comprising a heat-exchange device (120) comprising at least an evaporator (121) and a distribution element (155) controlled to configure the loop in at least a first mode in which the coolant does not pass through the evaporator and a second mode in which the coolant passes through the evaporator.

According to the invention, the loop further comprises at least one thermal energy storage module (160) comprising a material capable of changing phase (163), the storage module being arranged on the passage of the fluid whether the loop is configured according to the first or the second mode.

There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner device of a so-called heat pump system to accurately perform efficient and comfortable heating of a vehicle interior. The vehicle air conditioner device includes a heating medium circulating circuit 23 which heats air to be supplied from an air flow passage 3 to a vehicle interior. A controller calculates a required heating capability TGQhtr of the heating medium circulating circuit to complement a shortage of an actual heating capability Qhp to a required heating capability TGQ of a radiator 4. The controller calculates a decrease amount Qhp of the actual heating capability Qhp from a difference TXO between a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXO of an outdoor heat exchanger 7 and a refrigerant evaporation temperature TXObase in non-frosting, and adds the decrease amount Qhp to the required heating capability TGQhtr to execute the heating by the heating medium circulating circuit.

A semiconductor device includes a chip stack structure including a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip includes a first substrate, a first circuit layer on a front surface of the first substrate, and a first connecting layer disposed on the first circuit layer and including a first metal pad electrically connected to the first circuit layer. The second semiconductor chip includes a second substrate, a second circuit layer on a front surface of the second substrate, and a second connecting layer disposed on the second circuit layer and including a second metal pad electrically connected to the second circuit layer. The first connecting layer faces the second connecting layer. The first and second metal pads are in contact with each other to couple the first and second semiconductor chips to each other.

A semiconductor device includes a chip stack structure including a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip includes a first substrate, a first circuit layer on a front surface of the first substrate, and a first connecting layer disposed on the first circuit layer and including a first metal pad electrically connected to the first circuit layer. The second semiconductor chip includes a second substrate, a second circuit layer on a front surface of the second substrate, and a second connecting layer disposed on the second circuit layer and including a second metal pad electrically connected to the second circuit layer. The first connecting layer faces the second connecting layer. The first and second metal pads are in contact with each other to couple the first and second semiconductor chips to each other.

A first sensor measures temperature at a first evaporator that cools a first zone. A second sensor measures temperature at a second evaporator that cools a second zone. A controller operates a compressor in a normal cooling mode or a single zone cooling mode. In the normal cooling mode, both the first zone and the second zone are cooled with the compressor operated by the controller in response to temperature measurements from one or both of the first sensor and the second sensor. In the single zone cooling mode, only the second zone is cooled with the compressor controlled by the controller in response to temperature measurements from the second sensor and the controller determining that the first evaporator has a low probability of accumulating frozen moisture on surfaces thereof, and in response to determining a high probability of accumulating frozen moisture on surfaces thereof the compressor is not operated.

A system is disclosed. The system includes a climate condition determination module that is configured to determine a climate condition associated with a vehicle based upon an external air temperature or a dew point temperature. The system also includes a compressor operational state control module that is configured to control a plurality of operational states of a variable displacement compressor of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system within the vehicle. The compressor operational state control module is configured to cause the variable displacement compressor to selectively transition from a variable displacement operational state to a fixed displacement-like operational state when the climate condition exceeds a climate threshold to cause an evaporator of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system to provide evaporator air having an air temperature corresponding to a target evaporator air temperature.

A method for controlling an air condition arrangement of a vehicle. The air condition arrangement includes a heat pump system having a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator. An air distribution unit is arranged in the vehicle for providing air to a vehicle compartment of the vehicle. The method includes directing a flow of air heated by the condenser by work from the compressor to the evaporator.

An embodiment method for controlling a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a vehicle includes determining a target subcooled temperature of a refrigerant based on a temperature and a pressure of the refrigerant discharged from an outlet of a compressor when the compressor operates, calculating a change in enthalpy of the refrigerant based on the determined target subcooled temperature in a process of condensing and subcooling the refrigerant, calculating a change in enthalpy of air passing over an exterior surface of a condenser based on the calculated refrigerant enthalpy change, and calculating a required fan duty of a cooling fan based on the calculated air enthalpy change, wherein the cooling fan is configured to blow the air to the condenser.

There is disclosed a vehicle air conditioner in which in a dehumidifying and heating mode, a heating capability by a radiator can be acquired while avoiding frost formation to a heat absorber. A dehumidifying and heating mode is executed in which a refrigerant discharged from a compressor 2 radiates heat in a radiator 4, the refrigerant by which heat has been radiated is decompressed, and then heat is absorbed in a heat absorber 9 and an outdoor heat exchanger 7 or only in the heat absorber 9 to heating a vehicle interior while dehumidifying the vehicle interior. The vehicle air conditioner includes an injection circuit 40 which distributes a part of the refrigerant flowing out from the radiator 4 to return the part to the compressor 2. In the dehumidifying and heating mode, a controller 32 operates the injection circuit 40 in a case where there is established a predetermined heating capability shortage condition on which a heating capability runs short, a predetermined dehumidifying capability excess condition on which a dehumidifying capability becomes excessive or a predetermined low outdoor air temperature startup condition on which startup is made at a low outdoor air temperature.