A vehicle includes a first axle, second axle, driveshaft, engine, clutch, and controller. The first and second axles are coupled by the driveshaft. The engine is configured to generate torque in the first axle. The clutch is configured to disconnect an output of the second axle. The controller is programmed to, in response to release of the clutch resulting in an increasing commanded torque to the first axle being greater than a threshold, decrease an engine torque such that a first axle torque is less than the threshold.

A vehicle includes a first axle, second axle, first clutch, second clutch, and controller. The first and second axles are coupled by a driveshaft. The first and second clutches are configured to isolate the driveshaft from loads transferred through the first and second axles, respectively, when open. The controller is programmed to, in response to a difference between output speeds of the first and second axles exceeding a first threshold, close the second clutch, reduce the difference such that it is below a second threshold, and close the first clutch.

A driving force distribution apparatus for a four-wheel drive vehicle includes a hydraulic clutch, a spool, and a working-oil filling member. The spool is in an electromagnetic solenoid valve disposed in a hydraulic supply mechanism. The spool is slidably held in a sleeve and has one end biased by a plunger and the other end biased by a spring disposed in a damper chamber. A working oil is filled into the damper chamber through the working-oil filling member. The working-oil filling member is provided in the sleeve of the electromagnetic solenoid valve at an upper position in a direction of gravitational force above an oil surface of the working oil stored in the hydraulic supply mechanism.

A control apparatus for a four-wheel drive vehicle includes a current detector configured to output a detection signal in accordance with the magnitude of an actual control current, a target current value calculator configured to calculate a target current value that is a target value of the control current, and a current controller configured to control a current output circuit to output the control current having the target current value calculated by the target current value calculator based on a result of detection performed by the current detector. When the four-wheel drive vehicle is in a two-wheel drive mode in which first and second friction clutches are released, the current controller performs zero-point adjustment for adjusting a zero point of the control current to be output from the current output circuit.

There is provided a work vehicle including a partition wall to keep partition between a first space zone as part of an internal space of the transmission case in which a differential mechanism is located and a second space zone as part of the internal space which is adjacent to the first space zone. An upper space is disposed above the partition wall and configured to allow lubricating oil scooped up from the first space zone by a ring gear to flow in the second space zone. A flow-out path is disposed below the upper space and configured to allow the lubricating oil to flow out of the second space zone to the first space zone.

A hub-bearing assembly having an axis of rotation includes a stationary radially outer ring and a flanged hub radially inside the radially outer ring and rotary about the axis and about the radially outer ring. The flanged hub has a toothed profile and an axially inner tubular portion. A radially inner ring is mounted in axial abutment on the flanged hub. A toothed sleeve is mounted axially close to the radially inner ring and angularly coupled to the toothed profile of the flanged hub. The flanged hub has a profile gradually transitioning between a radially outer surface of the toothed profile and a radially outer cylindrical surface of the tubular portion of the flanged hub.

A control device for a vehicle four-wheel drive device includes a drive source, front wheels, rear wheels, a rear-wheel differential gear, a friction clutch, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to correct a calculated clutch torque to decrease in a case where a four-wheel drive running is performed and it is determined that the turning direction is a direction in which the vehicle turns such that an outer wheel is a rear wheel on a side where the friction clutch is provided. The electronic control unit is configured to correct the calculated clutch torque to increase in a case where the four-wheel drive running is performed and it is determined that the turning direction is a direction in which the vehicle turns such that an inner wheel is the rear wheel on the side where the friction clutch is provided.

A rotation state of each rotating element of a four-wheel drive vehicle and an operating state of each engagement element of a disconnect mechanism, corresponding to an operating state of the disconnect mechanism, are displayed on or near a vehicle model image on a vehicle display. Thus, it is possible to inform a driver of the operating state of the disconnect mechanism at any time. Thus, the driver is able to recognize the operating state of the disconnect mechanism at any time, so the driver is able to carry out driving based on the operating state.

A clutched device can include a differential and first and second conduits. The differential can transmit differential power to first and second outputs. Clutch plates can rotate through a clutch cavity and transmit power between the second output and a third output. An outer carrier and an inner carrier can be coupled for rotation with the second and third outputs, respectively. The first conduit can be open to a first peripheral region of the clutch cavity and fluidly couples the first region to a cavity separate from the clutch cavity. The second conduit can be open to a second peripheral region that is circumferentially spaced apart from the first region. The second conduit can fluidly couple the second region to a central region of the clutch cavity. Rotation of the outer carrier in opposite rotational directions slings lubricant to the first and second conduits, respectively.

A control device for a four wheel drive vehicle. Differential limitation is applied to both of right and left rear wheels, with 2WD_d state being maintained, by executing two wheel control for engaging or half-engaging a first clutch and a second clutch. As the two wheel drive control is executed, a moment that suppresses the rotation speed difference between the right and left rear wheels acts on the right and left rear wheels even in the 2WD_d state. When the rotation speed difference occurs between the right and left rear wheels, a braking force is allowed to act on the vehicle wheel on the high rotation side and a driving force is allowed to act on the vehicle wheel on the low rotation side through the execution of the two wheel drive control so that a stable moment acts on the vehicle without a transition to a 4WD state.