An electrical power module and transport refrigeration system. The electrical power module is used for an apparatus powered by a battery or/and a fuel, has a working mode and includes: a DC buck module configured to step-down a DC at least provided by the battery to a low-voltage output DC for output, or/and a DC boost module configured to step-up a low-voltage input DC provided by the apparatus powered by the fuel to a high-voltage DC for output; and a control module connected to a transport refrigeration unit, and configured to, in the working mode, control the operation of the DC buck module or/and the DC boost module.

A power supply system for a vehicle includes a high-voltage battery that supplies electric power to an on-vehicle motor, a low-voltage battery that supplies electric power to a plurality of on-vehicle auxiliary machines, a DC/DC converter that changes voltage of an output from the high-voltage battery and supplies the resulting output to the low-voltage battery, and a controller that detects a working state of at least one of the plurality of on-vehicle auxiliary machines and controls operation of the DC/DC converter in accordance with the detected working state.

A vehicle electrical system for a rail vehicle includes a bus bar, an energy supply unit for feeding electrical energy to the bus bar, a bus bar supply line which is connected to an output side of the energy supply unit and to the bus bar and has a switch, an auxiliary system and a first auxiliary system supply line connected to the bus bar and to the auxiliary system. In order to make it possible to reliably supply the auxiliary system with electrical energy, the vehicle electrical system includes a second auxiliary system supply line which is connected to the auxiliary system and to the output side of the energy supply unit, for bypassing the bus bar. The two auxiliary system supply lines each have a switch. A method for operating a vehicle electrical system and a rail vehicle having the vehicle electrical system are also provided.

A vehicle electrical system for a rail vehicle includes a bus bar, an energy supply unit for feeding electrical energy to the bus bar, a bus bar supply line which is connected to an output side of the energy supply unit and to the bus bar and has a switch, an auxiliary system and a first auxiliary system supply line connected to the bus bar and to the auxiliary system. In order to make it possible to reliably supply the auxiliary system with electrical energy, the vehicle electrical system includes a second auxiliary system supply line which is connected to the auxiliary system and to the output side of the energy supply unit, for bypassing the bus bar. The two auxiliary system supply lines each have a switch. A method for operating a vehicle electrical system and a rail vehicle having the vehicle electrical system are also provided.

A method is disclosed for controlling the operation of a mild hybrid electric vehicle having an engine and high and low voltage power systems selectively connectable via a DC to DC converter. The method comprises whenever possible using only a low voltage battery forming part of the low voltage power system to power low voltage loads during an engine E-stop performed automatically to save fuel and reduce emissions and whenever possible using only a high voltage battery forming part of the high voltage power system to recharge the low voltage battery when the engine is restarted following the E-stop.

A method is disclosed for controlling the operation of a mild hybrid electric vehicle having an engine and high and low voltage power systems selectively connectable via a DC to DC converter. The method comprises whenever possible using only a low voltage battery forming part of the low voltage power system to power low voltage loads during an engine E-stop performed automatically to save fuel and reduce emissions and whenever possible using only a high voltage battery forming part of the high voltage power system to recharge the low voltage battery when the engine is restarted following the E-stop.

An electrically powered vehicle system including a battery, the terminals of which supply positive and negative power rails, and including a bulk capacitor located in series with a switching device, and being electrically connected between the power rails. A heater having a heating resistance is connected in series with a heater switch, and is electrically connected between the power rails. A link is electrically connected between a point between the bulk capacitor and the switching device to a point between heating resistance and the heater switch.

An electrically powered vehicle system including a battery, the terminals of which supply positive and negative power rails, and including a bulk capacitor located in series with a switching device, and being electrically connected between the power rails. A heater having a heating resistance is connected in series with a heater switch, and is electrically connected between the power rails. A link is electrically connected between a point between the bulk capacitor and the switching device to a point between heating resistance and the heater switch.

A method of operating an electric or a fuel cell motor vehicle. The vehicle has an electric machine which can operate as motor or generator and serves as a drive assembly. The electric machine is connected, via an AC/DC converter, to a high-voltage distributor. A high-voltage battery, high-voltage loads, and, via a high-voltage low voltage DC/DC converter, low-voltage loads are connected to the distributor. When the electric machine is operated as a generator in an overrun operation of the vehicle, the electric energy generated by the electric machine is calculated. The high-voltage battery, the high-voltage loads, and possibly the low-voltage loads, are operated, depending on driver and/or non-driver settings, such that the energy produced by electric machine is distributed between the high voltage battery, the high-voltage loads, and, if necessary, the low-voltage loads so as to minimize a difference between the energy produced and consumed by the electric machine.

A method of operating an electric or a fuel cell motor vehicle. The vehicle has an electric machine which can operate as motor or generator and serves as a drive assembly. The electric machine is connected, via an AC/DC converter, to a high-voltage distributor. A high-voltage battery, high-voltage loads, and, via a high-voltage low voltage DC/DC converter, low-voltage loads are connected to the distributor. When the electric machine is operated as a generator in an overrun operation of the vehicle, the electric energy generated by the electric machine is calculated. The high-voltage battery, the high-voltage loads, and possibly the low-voltage loads, are operated, depending on driver and/or non-driver settings, such that the energy produced by electric machine is distributed between the high voltage battery, the high-voltage loads, and, if necessary, the low-voltage loads so as to minimize a difference between the energy produced and consumed by the electric machine.