A method of determining an accident time parameter for evaluating an accident situation of a motor vehicle, including a) determining at least two of the following values: (i) a current value of a measured acceleration, (ii) a first integral of the measured acceleration, or (iii) a second integral of the measured acceleration, and b) determining an accident time parameter from the at least two values determined in step a).

A device implementing a system for estimating device location includes at least one processor configured to receive a first and second set of signals, each set corresponding to location data and being received based on a sampling interval. The at least one processor is configured to, for each sampling period defined by the sampling interval, obtain sensor data corresponding to device motion during the sampling period, determine an orientation of the device relative to that of the vehicle based on the sensor data, calculate a non-holonomic constraint based on the orientation of the device relative to that of the vehicle such that the non-holonomic constraint is iteratively updated, and estimate a device state based on the non-holonomic constraint.

To provide a control apparatus of a protection apparatus, which, with a simple configuration and excluding side face collisions as well as head-on collisions, favorably detects an offset collision or diagonal collision, and then activates a suitable protection apparatus for protecting the side or head of a passenger at a timing in accordance with the degree of collision, in addition to providing a method for controlling a protection apparatus. The control apparatus (101) includes: an ECU (1); satellite sensors (2, 3) for detecting a first acceleration in the longitudinal direction of a vehicle; and a main sensor (13) for detecting a second acceleration in the longitudinal direction thereof, and a third acceleration in the width direction thereof. The ECU (1) includes: a level calculation part for calculating a level of a front face collision based on the first acceleration and the second acceleration; a V.sub.offset calculation part for making an offset adjustment of V obtained by integrating the third acceleration so as to attenuate V of the third acceleration based on a head-on collision, in order to obtain V.sub.offset; and a determination part for determining an offset collision or diagonal collision based on the level of the front face collision and the V.sub.offset; and activates a side and head protection apparatus (6 or 7) if it is determined using the determination part that an offset collision or diagonal collision has occurred.

An object is identified by an on-board camera and a relative speed of the vehicle and the object is acquired. If the object is a two-wheel vehicle and the relative speed is lower than the vehicle speed, the relative speed is set as a collision speed. If the object is an object other than a two-wheel vehicle, the vehicle speed is set as the collision speed. Using the set collision speed, an effective mass is computed and collision determination is executed.

A method for ascertaining a state value representing a condition of a surface, in particular, of a road, traveled upon by a vehicle. The vehicle includes at least one inertial sensor. The method is characterized in that the state value is increased or decreased as a function of at least one first signal acquired by the inertial sensor.

A device implementing a system for estimating device location includes at least one processor configured to receive a first and second set of signals, each set corresponding to location data and being received based on a sampling interval. The at least one processor is configured to, for each sampling period defined by the sampling interval, obtain sensor data corresponding to device motion during the sampling period, determine an orientation of the device relative to that of the vehicle based on the sensor data, calculate a non-holonomic constraint based on the orientation of the device relative to that of the vehicle such that the non-holonomic constraint is iteratively updated, and estimate a device state based on the non-holonomic constraint.

A method is provided for determining a collision characteristic of a vehicle collision for triggering safety means of the vehicle. The method has a step of an ascertainment of at least one determination-relevant time segment of a sensor signal representing the vehicle collision before a triggering time for a safety means. The method also has a step of a comparison of at least two features of the sensor signal in the at least one time segment with one another in order to determine the collision characteristic.

A method for detecting impact and activating occupant protection devices, in which at least one acceleration signal from at least one acceleration sensor is compared with a triggering threshold. In this case, at least one environmental sensor for detecting an imminent impact and for determining at least one parameter of this imminent impact, in particular an expected time of impact and severity of impact, is provided. The triggering behavior is adapted on the basis of the parameters of the environmental sensor.

A method for classifying an accident event of a two-wheeled vehicle, in particular a bicycle. The method can be run in the form of an algorithm in a device comprising an analysis unit in order to indicate to the rider or a third party that the two-wheeled vehicle has been involved in a collision or has fallen over using a corresponding generated and/or transmitted item of information. The device can be used in a two-wheeled vehicle, such as a bicycle or in particular in an electric bicycle. However, it can of course also be used in a motorcycle or another single-track vehicle.

A method of determining an accident time parameter for evaluating an accident situation of a motor vehicle, including a) determining at least two of the following values: (i) a current value of a measured acceleration, (ii) a first integral of the measured acceleration, or (iii) a second integral of the measured acceleration, and b) determining an accident time parameter from the at least two values determined in step a).