A turning device includes a turning shaft having a first ball screw groove as one of a left screw and a right screw and a second ball screw groove as the other of the left screw and the right screw and turning wheels to be turned by moving in an axial direction, a first electric motor generating a first driving force, a second electric motor operating independently of the first electric motor and generating a second driving force, a first ball screw nut transmitting the first driving force generated by the first electric motor to the first ball screw groove, a second ball screw nut transmitting the second driving force generated by the second electric motor to the second ball screw groove, and a rotation regulating part regulating relative rotation of the turning shaft around an axis with respect to a housing.

A steering system equipped with a linear electric actuator includes: a casing, a shaft slidably coupled to the casing with respect to a sliding axis and provided with an end that protrudes externally from said casing, an electric motor, which is housed in the casing and provided with a stator and a rotor that is axially hollow and coaxial with the shaft, in which the rotor is operable in rotation with respect to an axis of rotation parallel to the sliding axis, a nut screw integrated in rotation with the rotor of the motor and provided with an internal thread, the nut screw includes a first cylindrical portion and a second cylindrical portion, axially arranged side by side, a joint adapted to make the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion integrated in rotation, and a helical groove surface integrated with the shaft and coupled to the internal thread.

An electromechanical motor vehicle steering system includes a steering column, a steering rack, a steering pinion that couples the steering column to the steering rack, and an electric drive device with an electric motor and a worm wheel arranged on the steering pinion. The steering rack is arranged between the worm wheel of the electric drive device and the steering column.

A method for controlling a steer-by-wire steering system in a motor vehicle, wherein, by means of an operator element to be actuated by an operator, a control command for actuating a steering actuator acting on at least one wheel to be steered is output, and wherein, by means of a force application element acting on the operator element and in operative connection with the steering actuator, an actuation force for the operator element is set. In the case of a disturbance of the force application element, the steering actuator is actuated so that the control command applied by the operator element is transmitted only in a damped manner to the steering actuator.

A steer-by-wire steering system for a motorized vehicle includes a feedback actuator to simulate a steering feel to a steering device. The feedback actuator has an electric motor with a motor shaft connected to a driver input shaft to be able to transmit a torque. The motor shaft is able to be rotated in at least one rolling bearing. The rolling elements of the at least one rolling bearing are arranged in a magnetorheological fluid and the feedback actuator further includes an electromagnet to pass a magnetic field through said magnetorheological fluid for stiffening the fluid and restricting movement of the rolling element.

A supplemental turning function-equipped hub unit includes: a hub unit body including a hub bearing; and a unit support member configured to be mounted through a suspension device, the unit support member supporting the hub unit body through rotation-permitting support components at two upper and lower portions of the hub unit body such that the hub unit body is rotatable about a supplemental turning axis. A supplemental turning force receiving part is provided on a side part of the hub unit body, which part is configured to receive a force that causes the hub unit body to rotate about the supplemental turning axis.

A steer-by-wire control system adapted for use with a material handling vehicle such as a forklift includes a controller programmed to receive input indicative of a desired direction of travel of the material handling vehicle and to control an actuator coupled with the steered wheels of the material handling vehicle to change the direction of travel of the vehicle and synchronize the direction of travel with a position of a steering wheel of the material handling vehicle.

Methods and apparatus to determine rack force are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a rack to couple to a steering knuckle of a vehicle, a ball nut engaged with the rack, a first ring gear coupled to the ball nut, a first pinion fixed to a motor, the first pinion engaged with the first ring gear, the motor to rotate the ball nut to move the rack, a motor encoder to detect a rotation of the first pinion, a second ring gear coupled to the ball nut, and a sensor fixed to a second pinion, the second pinion engaged with the second ring gear, the second pinion to rotate as the second ring gear rotates, the sensor to detect a rotation of the second pinion, the rotation of the second pinion and the rotation of the first pinion corresponding to a force on the rack.

A rack bar assembly for a rack electric power steering system is provided. The rack bar assembly includes a first rack bar extending axially. The rack bar assembly also includes a second rack bar extending axially, wherein the first rack bar and the second rack bar are spaced a radial distance from each other and oriented parallel to each other.

An actuator for imparting steering movement to a tiller of a propulsion unit of a marine vessel comprises an absolute position sensor which senses a steering position and a relative position sensor which senses a position of the motor. A steering control unit calibrates the relative position sensor based on a signal of the absolute position sensor. Calibration of the relative position sensor based on a signal of the absolute positon sensor initializes an accumulative position which accumulates a relative position as the actuator moves over time.