Disclosed are methods of treating and protecting teeth against erosion by use of oral compositions comprising polymeric mineral surface active agents, metal ions such as stannous and zinc and combinations thereof. The present methods provide improved resistance of teeth to erosive demineralization or dissolution and prevention of tooth damage by subsequent exposure of teeth to erosive chemicals such as acidic foods and beverages.

An improved method for manufacture of chewing gums containing active ingredient(s) that preserves the efficacy of the active ingredient(s) by avoiding exposure to high heat and extreme cold during milling that can otherwise degrade the active's efficacy. A chewing gum base is used, along with one or more therapeutically-active ingredients, one or more sweeteners (alcohol-based and/or natural), and one or more flavorings and optional flavor modifiers. The method generally comprises heating the gum base in ovens to melt the gum base. Separately, the active ingredient(s), sweeteners and flavorings are combined in a mixer. The melted gum base is added to the mixer and cools to produce a particulate mixture. As mixing continues the mass cools to room temperature and forms granular pieces. The granular pieces are ground into a powder at room temperature, mixed at room temperature with tableting excipients, and tableted. Several variations on the foregoing are also described.

An improved method for manufacture of chewing gums containing active ingredient(s) that preserves the efficacy of the active ingredient(s) by avoiding exposure to high heat and extreme cold during milling that can otherwise degrade the active's efficacy. A chewing gum base is used, along with one or more therapeutically-active ingredients, one or more sweeteners (alcohol-based and/or natural), and one or more flavorings and optional flavor modifiers. The method generally comprises heating the gum base in ovens to melt the gum base. Separately, the active ingredient(s), sweeteners and flavorings are combined in a mixer. The melted gum base is added to the mixer and cools to produce a particulate mixture. As mixing continues the mass cools to room temperature and forms granular pieces. The granular pieces are ground into a powder at room temperature, mixed at room temperature with tableting excipients, and tableted. Several variations on the foregoing are also described.

In general, certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide compositions or mechanisms for oral administration of caffeine via a functional nutraceutical confectionary composition. According to various embodiments, a nutraceutical confectionary composition is provided with a ratio of caffeine to L-theanine ranging from about 1:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of caffeine to L-theanine is about 2:3. In various embodiments, the nutraceutical confectionary composition may provide caffeine in a range from about 5 mg to about 100 mg per serving. L-theanine may be provided in a range from about 5 mg to about 200 mg per serving. In some embodiments, caffeine may comprise about 0.8% to 10% by weight of the composition; and L-theanine may comprise about 1.2% to 20% by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the nutraceutical confectionary composition may comprise a chewing gum.

Disclosed are methods of treating and protecting teeth against erosion by use of oral compositions comprising polymeric mineral surface active agents, metal ions such as stannous and zinc and combinations thereof. The present methods provide improved resistance of teeth to erosive demineralization or dissolution and prevention of tooth damage by subsequent exposure of teeth to erosive chemicals such as acidic foods and beverages.

The invention relates to a medical chewing gum comprising gum base polymers and an active pharmaceutical ingredient, the gum base polymers comprising polyvinyl acetate and vinyl laurate-vinyl acetate copolymer in an amount of more than 90% by weight, wherein the gum base polymers include 20-95% by weight of polyvinyl acetate and -80% by weight of vinyl laurate-vinyl acetate copolymer, and wherein the chewing gum contains no polyterpene resins and no resins based on gum rosin, wood rosin or tall oil resin.

The invention relates to a medical chewing gum comprising gum base polymers and an active pharmaceutical ingredient, the gum base polymers comprising polyvinyl acetate and vinyl laurate-vinyl acetate copolymer in an amount of more than 90% by weight, wherein the gum base polymers include 20-95% by weight of polyvinyl acetate and -80% by weight of vinyl laurate-vinyl acetate copolymer, and wherein the chewing gum contains no polyterpene resins and no resins based on gum rosin, wood rosin or tall oil resin.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel agent for adjusting hardness of a lens of an eye which can be taken easily, conveniently, and safely for a long-term, can effectively adjust the hardness of the lens, and is capable of preventing, alleviating and improving poor focus and decreased near visual acuity, such as presbyopia, caused by aging and various diseases. The present invention solves the above object by providing an agent for adjusting hardness of a lens of an eye comprising a glycosyl hesperetin as an active ingredient.

In alternative embodiments, the invention provides a triple combination therapy for treating, ameliorating and preventing Crohn's Disease (or Crohn syndrome, terminal or distal ileitis or regional enteritis) or related disorders and conditions in mammals, such as paratuberculosis in mammals, or Johne's disease, including genetically-predisposed and chronic disorders, where the microbial or bacterial flora of the bowel is at least one causative or symptom-producing factor; and compositions for practicing same. In alternative embodiments, methods and compositions of the invention comprise or comprise use of therapies, medications, formulations and pharmaceuticals comprising active agents that can suppress or eradicate the microbiota super-infection that causes Crohn's Disease or paratuberculosis infection in mammals. In alternative embodiments, the methods and uses of the invention for treating, ameliorating and preventing Crohn's Disease and complications of Crohn's Disease, or related disorders and conditions in mammals, such as paratuberculosis in mammals, or Johne's disease, comprises administration to an individual (human or mammal) in need thereof: (1) an anti-TNF? composition, or a composition capable of down-modulating TNF? activity; (2) a Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment, or HBOT; and (3) an anti Mycobacterium avium sub species paratuberculosis (MAP) (an anti-MAP) agent, composition or therapy.

Disclosed are methods of treating and protecting teeth against erosion by use of oral compositions comprising polymeric mineral surface active agents, metal ions such as stannous and zinc and combinations thereof. The present methods provide improved resistance of teeth to erosive demineralization or dissolution and prevention of tooth damage by subsequent exposure of teeth to erosive chemicals such as acidic foods and beverages.