Embodiments described herein relate to a self-contained breathing apparatus, and more particularly, to a self-contained breathing apparatus that uses extraction and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between a perfluorocarbon and water in which the apparatus is immersed. Embodiments include a water-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber; an air-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber; and a circulation pump, where the circulation pump is configured to circulate perfluorocarbon between the water-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber and the air-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber, where the perfluorocarbon becomes oxygen rich in response to passing through the water-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber, and where the perfluorocarbon becomes oxygen depleted in response to passing through the air-to-perfluorocarbon exchange chamber.

A respiratory protection hood having a sealed flexible shell including a pressurized oxygen vessel provided with a calibrated output opening leading into the inside space of the flexible shell and a device for trapping at least one portion of the carbon dioxide exhaled by the user that includes a cartridge for adsorbing carbon dioxide having a perforated tube arranged around a volume of carbon dioxide absorbing material. At least one portion of the perforated tube being arranged around the volume of absorbent material in direct communication with the inside space of the hood.

A system and method of measuring bioelectric signals generated by an individual, inclusive of humans or other living organisms, comprises a plurality of sensors, at least one of the plurality of sensors being constituted by a capacitive-type sensor. Sensor has an associated insulated layer of material preventing the conduction of direct current between an electrode and individual, wherein a bioelectric signal of individual can be measured underwater.

A disclosed breathing hose is configured to duct inhaled and exhaled gas between a user and a rebreather apparatus. The breathing hose includes a non-collapsible flexible outer tube and a collapsible inner tube located within the non-collapsible flexible outer tube. The collapsible inner tube is configured to inflate to accommodate the exhaled gas of the user and to deflate to accommodate the inhaled gas of the user. The collapsible inner tube has a size that accommodates at least a portion of a breath volume of the user and may have a size that is configured to accommodate a maximum breath volume of the user. The collapsible inner tube is configured to act to maintain a constant total volume of gas in the lungs of the user and in the rebreather unit throughout a breathing cycle. The breathing hose may be part of a closed-circuit or semi closed-circuit rebreather apparatus.

A disclosed breathing hose is configured to duct inhaled and exhaled gas between a user and a rebreather apparatus. The breathing hose includes a non-collapsible flexible outer tube and a collapsible inner tube located within the non-collapsible flexible outer tube. The collapsible inner tube is configured to inflate to accommodate the exhaled gas of the user and to deflate to accommodate the inhaled gas of the user. The collapsible inner tube has a size that accommodates at least a portion of a breath volume of the user and may have a size that is configured to accommodate a maximum breath volume of the user. The collapsible inner tube is configured to act to maintain a constant total volume of gas in the lungs of the user and in the rebreather unit throughout a breathing cycle. The breathing hose may be part of a closed-circuit or semi closed-circuit rebreather apparatus.

A system for controlling the exhalation pressure of a diver for diving equipment with a ventilation circuit, includes a unidirectional valve acting on an exhalation outlet of the ventilation circuit, and a brake configured to exert an adjustable constraint on the unidirectional valve in order to control the pressure of the gas from the exhalation outlet so as to generate a positive exhalation pressure in the ventilation circuit of the equipment and thus prevent or treat immersion pulmonary edemas.

A system for controlling the exhalation pressure of a diver for diving equipment with a ventilation circuit, includes a unidirectional valve acting on an exhalation outlet of the ventilation circuit, and a brake configured to exert an adjustable constraint on the unidirectional valve in order to control the pressure of the gas from the exhalation outlet so as to generate a positive exhalation pressure in the ventilation circuit of the equipment and thus prevent or treat immersion pulmonary edemas.

A semi-closed circuit gas recycling scuba diving breathing apparatus having a breathing loop. The breathing loop has a breathing bag to be supplied by at least one gas tank and a recycling chamber. The gas tank is connected to an inlet of the breathing bag by a first duct and a second duct having respectively a demand regulator and a fixed nozzle configured to deliver respectively a first gas input and a second gas input to the breathing bag. Advantageously, the apparatus has a third duct having a gas flow regulator configured to deliver at a variable mass flow, a third gas input to the breathing bag, and a diving condition sensor, configured to measure a physiological parameter of the diver or the depth. The apparatus is advantageously configured to make the variable mass flow vary according to data of the sensor to optimise the consumption of gas.

A semi-closed circuit gas recycling scuba diving breathing apparatus having a breathing loop. The breathing loop has a breathing bag to be supplied by at least one gas tank and a recycling chamber. The gas tank is connected to an inlet of the breathing bag by a first duct and a second duct having respectively a demand regulator and a fixed nozzle configured to deliver respectively a first gas input and a second gas input to the breathing bag. Advantageously, the apparatus has a third duct having a gas flow regulator configured to deliver at a variable mass flow, a third gas input to the breathing bag, and a diving condition sensor, configured to measure a physiological parameter of the diver or the depth. The apparatus is advantageously configured to make the variable mass flow vary according to data of the sensor to optimise the consumption of gas.

A system for extracting carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases that include at least carbon dioxide, wherein a reservoir is provided that contains a material capable of adsorbing the carbon dioxide, the reservoir having an inlet for the mixture and an outlet for a mixture that is at least partially purified of carbon dioxide, where the system also includes at least one element for heating the reservoir, at least one electronic control circuit that causes a heating of the reservoir when at least one condition is fulfilled, so as to give rise to the desorption of the carbon dioxide adsorbed on the material contained in the reservoir.