A method is provided for the post-treatment of nanoporous celluloses with an eye to scale up to plant operation wherein recycling and recovery of reagents is crucial in the efficient and cost effective operation of a full-scale plant. The instant method includes diminishing the alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide) concentration of the treatment solution by converting it to a salt (e.g., a sodium salt).

The present application is directed to a system and processing method for fractionating pre-formed forage hay bales into a fractionated leaf portion and a fractionated stem portion. More particularly, the system involves grinding, chopping and shredding bales, and fractionating the chopped and shredded bales using a shaker table and grate assembly, into a fractionated leaf portion and a fractionated stem portion using a shaker table. The resulting fractionated leaf portion and fractionated stem portion can then be further processed into pellets for animal feed products, or the fractionated stem portion can be re-baled. Pelletization includes customizing the size of the pellets and the addition of additives to the pellets according to customers specifications for customized animal feed products. Pellets derived from the fractionated leaf portion and the fractionated stem portion are then packaged, typically in bags, for storage and transport.

The present application is directed to a system and processing method for fractionating pre-formed forage hay bales into a fractionated leaf portion and a fractionated stem portion. More particularly, the system involves grinding, chopping and shredding bales, and fractionating the chopped and shredded bales using a shaker table and grate assembly, into a fractionated leaf portion and a fractionated stem portion using a shaker table. The resulting fractionated leaf portion and fractionated stem portion can then be further processed into pellets for animal feed products, or the fractionated stem portion can be re-baled. Pelletization includes customizing the size of the pellets and the addition of additives to the pellets according to customers specifications for customized animal feed products. Pellets derived from the fractionated leaf portion and the fractionated stem portion are then packaged, typically in bags, for storage and transport.

The present disclosure provides a method for increasing content of nutritional components of winged bean pods and an application thereof, which belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural products. The method provided in the present disclosure comprises the following steps: (1) soaking a winged bean pod in water and mixing with an aqueous sodium chloride solution, and then steaming to obtain a softened pod; and (2) treating the softened pod with an alkaline substance or an acidic substance or cellulase. The present disclosure uses physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods to process the winged bean pods, and aims to find a method to increase the content of nutritional components of the pods and the palatability of animals, in order to better apply the pods to feed.

Edible chews having a polygon-shaped cross-section, such as a star-shaped cross section. This cross-sectional shape provides an increased surface area and forms edges, and these features clean teeth of an animal such as a dog. These edible chews have a soft chewy texture which avoids or significantly reduces gum bleeding which is caused by known dental treats with typically have a hard texture.

Edible chews having a polygon-shaped cross-section, such as a star-shaped cross section. This cross-sectional shape provides an increased surface area and forms edges, and these features clean teeth of an animal such as a dog. These edible chews have a soft chewy texture which avoids or significantly reduces gum bleeding which is caused by known dental treats with typically have a hard texture.

A system, method, and apparatus for ensiling hydroponically grown cellulosic material is disclosed. A grower system for growing plants and crops provides an aerobic environment by controlling a plurality of environmental factors that decrease environmental stresses surrounding the plants or crops. The decrease in environmental stresses increases hydrolytic enzyme activity and releases additional hydrolytic enzymes. The hydrolytic enzymes breakdown a plurality of complex storage molecules of the plant or crop into simple storage molecules. The breakdown of the plurality of complex storage molecules increases the nutrient availability and dry matter of the ensiled cellulosic material as well as the shelf life of the ensiled cellulosic material.

A process is disclosed for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus pulp. Citrus fiber is obtained having a c* close packing concentration value of less than 3.8. The citrus fiber can be obtained having a viscosity of at least 1000 mPa.s, wherein said citrus fiber is dispersed in standardized water at a mixing speed of from 800 rpm to 1000 rpm, to a 3 w/w% citrus fiber/standardized water solution, and wherein said viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 at 20° C. Citrus fiber can be obtained having a CIELAB L* value of at least 90. The citrus fiber can be used in food products, feed products, beverages, personal care products, pharmaceutical products or detergent products.

A process is disclosed for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus pulp. Citrus fiber is obtained having a c* close packing concentration value of less than 3.8. The citrus fiber can be obtained having a viscosity of at least 1000 mPa.s, wherein said citrus fiber is dispersed in standardized water at a mixing speed of from 800 rpm to 1000 rpm, to a 3 w/w% citrus fiber/standardized water solution, and wherein said viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 5 s-1 at 20° C. Citrus fiber can be obtained having a CIELAB L* value of at least 90. The citrus fiber can be used in food products, feed products, beverages, personal care products, pharmaceutical products or detergent products.

An apparatus for steam treating plant fibres is provided, the apparatus comprising: a steam manifold that is adapted to receive steam from a steam source and to distribute steam to a plurality of lances, the lances being configured to deliver steam into the interior volume of a batch of plant fibres; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the batch of plant fibres, and a controller. The controller is configured to receive a signal from the temperature sensor, and to control the supply of steam to the lances to raise the temperature of the plant fibres to a target temperature. A method of steaming plant fibres is also provided.