The invention relates to direct-fed microbials for use in E. coli, Salmonella, and/or Campylobacter inhibition in animals. More particularly, the invention relates to isolated Bacillus strains A12, 54, 681, 101, 235, and 721, and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, for a use comprising the above-mentioned use. The invention also relates to the use of isolated Bacillus strains 681,721, A12, 54, 86, 300, 101, 102, 235, and 177, and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, to prevent or reduce prolapse in an animal.

The disclosure relates to nitroimidazoles and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease in animals. In particular, the disclosure relates to 5-nitroimidazoles and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease in animals including bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infections. More particularly, the invention relates to metronidazole and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease caused by Clostridium species. Most preferably, the nitroimidazole is metronidazole administered in combination with berberine, or a berberine alkaloid, in a synergistic weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.

The disclosure relates to nitroimidazoles and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease in animals. In particular, the disclosure relates to 5-nitroimidazoles and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease in animals including bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infections. More particularly, the invention relates to metronidazole and related compounds and derivatives, formulations thereof, and their use in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious disease caused by Clostridium species. Most preferably, the nitroimidazole is metronidazole administered in combination with berberine, or a berberine alkaloid, in a synergistic weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.

A method for treating a microorganism or inflammation caused by the microorganism includes administering or applying a composition comprising an antimicrobial peptide with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to a subject in need thereof. Because the antimicrobial peptide with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 exhibits an excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria and also low cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes, it can be advantageously used for various applications.

A method for treating a microorganism or inflammation caused by the microorganism includes administering or applying a composition comprising an antimicrobial peptide with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 to a subject in need thereof. Because the antimicrobial peptide with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 exhibits an excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria and also low cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes, it can be advantageously used for various applications.

The present invention concerns a solid, palatable composition and its preparation process which, relative to the total weight of the composition, comprises: 5 to 30%, preferably 8 to 20% by weight of at least one fat chosen from among a liquid oil, a fat, wax or mixture thereof, the liquid oil not to represent more than 8% by weight of the composition; 0.001 to 85% by weight of at least one active substance; and 20 to 95%, preferably 40 to 70% by weight of at least one palatable material,
for use thereof as medicinal product, nutraceutical or food supplement, for oral administration to mammals, except man, in particular for domestic animals such as dogs, cats or horses. The said solid composition is obtained by mixing the components, vaporising the fats, calibrating the dry, fluid granular material and compressing the granular material in a stock cube press.

The present invention concerns a solid, palatable composition and its preparation process which, relative to the total weight of the composition, comprises: 5 to 30%, preferably 8 to 20% by weight of at least one fat chosen from among a liquid oil, a fat, wax or mixture thereof, the liquid oil not to represent more than 8% by weight of the composition; 0.001 to 85% by weight of at least one active substance; and 20 to 95%, preferably 40 to 70% by weight of at least one palatable material,
for use thereof as medicinal product, nutraceutical or food supplement, for oral administration to mammals, except man, in particular for domestic animals such as dogs, cats or horses. The said solid composition is obtained by mixing the components, vaporising the fats, calibrating the dry, fluid granular material and compressing the granular material in a stock cube press.

A feed material for livestock is effective in prevention and/or treatment of pathogenic infections in livestock and/or in increasing efficiency in livestock production.

Enteral administration of polysaccharide butyryl esters to livestock animals results in increased butyrate concentrations in the lower intestinal tract. This leads amongst others to a reduced presence of pathogens in the lower intestinal tract and feces and superior growth performance results compared to other butyrate formulations or products. The feed material provides polysaccharide butyryl esters, compositions, such as feed additives and/or feed, having the polysaccharide butyryl esters, as well as the uses of the polysaccharide butyryl esters as feed additive, e.g. for preventing or treating pathogenic infections in livestock and/or in increasing efficiency in livestock production.

A feed material for livestock is effective in prevention and/or treatment of pathogenic infections in livestock and/or in increasing efficiency in livestock production.

Enteral administration of polysaccharide butyryl esters to livestock animals results in increased butyrate concentrations in the lower intestinal tract. This leads amongst others to a reduced presence of pathogens in the lower intestinal tract and feces and superior growth performance results compared to other butyrate formulations or products. The feed material provides polysaccharide butyryl esters, compositions, such as feed additives and/or feed, having the polysaccharide butyryl esters, as well as the uses of the polysaccharide butyryl esters as feed additive, e.g. for preventing or treating pathogenic infections in livestock and/or in increasing efficiency in livestock production.

An antimicrobial peptide has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, except that i) the 1st and the 14th amino acids are deleted, ii) the 4th and the 8th amino acids are substituted with lysine (K), iii) the 7th amino acid is substituted with leucine (L), iv) the 9th amino acid is optionally substituted with lysine (K), and v) the 12th amino acid is optionally substituted with lysine (K). A method for antimicrobial treatment in a subject including administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antimicrobial peptide to a subject.