A functional feed additive which may promote metabolism in livestock without the use of separate antibiotics, antibacterial agents and growth hormones, thereby increasing autoimmune cells to maximize the autoimmunity of livestock against various diseases, and which makes it possible to obtain meat containing increased amounts of unsaturated fatty acids beneficial to the human body and which has an effect of significantly reducing the complex odor of livestock excrement by removing ammonia gas (NH.sub.3) generated from livestock excrement.

Disclosed are bolus compositions for ruminants comprising potassium phosphate dibasic and water configured to rapidly dissolve in the rumen for use in the prevention or treatment of hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia. These conditions occur in ruminants at around the time of calving or during periods when ruminants do not eat (anorexia). The bolus compositions may comprise a coating that is compatible with a ruminant digestive tract. Additionally, the bolus compositions may comprise a wick which may be used during the manufacturing process to facilitate the bulk handling and transfer of the bolus compositions.

An object is to provide a feed for aquatic animals that comprises a fish-meal-alternative material. A feed for aquatic animals, comprising (A) an insect material having a calcium content of 800 to 3500 mg/100 g and/or a magnesium content of 230 to 1000 mg/100 g, and (B) fish meal and/or a fish-meal-alternative material.

An object is to provide a feed for aquatic animals that comprises a fish-meal-alternative material. A feed for aquatic animals, comprising (A) an insect material having a calcium content of 800 to 3500 mg/100 g and/or a magnesium content of 230 to 1000 mg/100 g, and (B) fish meal and/or a fish-meal-alternative material.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for enhancing expression from RNA expression vectores. The invention is based upon the observation that reducing the frequency of the dinucleotide CpG and UpA has a significant effect on expression from such vectores. Aspects of the invention include, amongst others, synthetic RNA vectores, virions, cells, methods of producing vaccines and methods of treatment or immunisation.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for enhancing expression from RNA expression vectores. The invention is based upon the observation that reducing the frequency of the dinucleotide CpG and UpA has a significant effect on expression from such vectores. Aspects of the invention include, amongst others, synthetic RNA vectores, virions, cells, methods of producing vaccines and methods of treatment or immunisation.

A process and composition for animal feed supplements without substantial foul odor problems prepared by reacting neat, a calcium metal source selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide with a low molecular weight volatile fatty acid selected from the group consisting of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, 2 methyl butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid. Under controlled reaction conditions (neat) and a controlled weight ratio of the two reactants a product that is substantially odor free and useful as an animal feed supplement results.

A process and composition for animal feed supplements without substantial foul odor problems prepared by reacting neat, a calcium metal source selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide with a low molecular weight volatile fatty acid selected from the group consisting of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, 2 methyl butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid. Under controlled reaction conditions (neat) and a controlled weight ratio of the two reactants a product that is substantially odor free and useful as an animal feed supplement results.

A composition for use in a method for the treatment of an amino acid deficiency to a non-mammalian monogastric animal, such as a poultry animal, a fish or a crustacean is described, wherein said composition comprises (i) a mixture of active components comprising or, alternatively, consisting of at least one amino acid or an analogue, (ii) a lipid matrix embedding said (i) mixture of active components and, optionally, (iii) at least one acceptable pharmaceutical or food grade additive and/or excipient. Furthermore, a feed or feed additive for a non-mammalian monogastric animal, such as poultry species and/or aquatic species comprising the composition is also described.

A composition for use in a method for the treatment of an amino acid deficiency to a non-mammalian monogastric animal, such as a poultry animal, a fish or a crustacean is described, wherein said composition comprises (i) a mixture of active components comprising or, alternatively, consisting of at least one amino acid or an analogue, (ii) a lipid matrix embedding said (i) mixture of active components and, optionally, (iii) at least one acceptable pharmaceutical or food grade additive and/or excipient. Furthermore, a feed or feed additive for a non-mammalian monogastric animal, such as poultry species and/or aquatic species comprising the composition is also described.