The present disclosure relates to the use of pharmaceutical agents to manipulate serotonin in animal mammary glands. Use of the serotonin agents results in increased PTHrP levels, resulting in the release of calcium from the bone, which improves lactation.

The present application discloses granules with a solid core that is coated with a cellulosic polymer. The solid core of the granules can be made of a number of active ingredients. The granules can be used in animal feeds to deliver the active ingredients into the intestine of animals for maximum effect.

The present application discloses granules with a solid core that is coated with a cellulosic polymer. The solid core of the granules can be made of a number of active ingredients. The granules can be used in animal feeds to deliver the active ingredients into the intestine of animals for maximum effect.

A composition having a mixture of discreet particles, each particle comprising an active substance and a coating material, the active substance being at least partially coated with the coating material. The mixture of discreet particles includes a first batch of first particles, the first particles of the first batch having a first average weight % ratio of the active substance to the coating material; and a second batch of second particles, the second particles of the second batch having a second average weight % ratio of the active substance to the coating material, the second average weight ratio being different from the first average weight ratio.

Provided herein are consumable compositions for methane reduction in ruminants comprising a haloalkane and a medium chain triglyceride (MCT). The use of MCT in the consumable compositions has been found to enhance the anti-methanogenic effect of the consumable compositions in ruminants. Also provided herein are methods of preparing the consumable composition and methods of administering the consumable compositions to ruminants.

The disclosure provides a microcapsule including: a core material, an inner membrane, and an outer membrane. The core material includes choline chloride and a carrier. The inner membrane includes at least one vegetable fat having a melting point higher than or equal to 60 C. The outer membrane includes rice bran wax, zinc oxide powders, and a film forming material. The film forming material is glucose phthalate, polyethylene glycol, or sodium alginate. The rice bran wax accounts for 5-10 wt. % of the microcapsule. The mass ratio of the rice bran wax to the zinc oxide powders to the film forming material is 1-5:0.1-1:0.1-1.

The disclosure provides a microcapsule including: a core material, an inner membrane, and an outer membrane. The core material includes choline chloride and a carrier. The inner membrane includes at least one vegetable fat having a melting point higher than or equal to 60 C. The outer membrane includes rice bran wax, zinc oxide powders, and a film forming material. The film forming material is glucose phthalate, polyethylene glycol, or sodium alginate. The rice bran wax accounts for 5-10 wt. % of the microcapsule. The mass ratio of the rice bran wax to the zinc oxide powders to the film forming material is 1-5:0.1-1:0.1-1.

Disclosed are bolus compositions for ruminants comprising potassium phosphate dibasic and water configured to rapidly dissolve in the rumen for use in the prevention or treatment of hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia. These conditions occur in ruminants at around the time of calving or during periods when ruminants do not eat (anorexia). The bolus compositions may comprise a coating that is compatible with a ruminant digestive tract. Additionally, the bolus compositions may comprise a wick which may be used during the manufacturing process to facilitate the bulk handling and transfer of the bolus compositions.

The invention provides a dosage form and a bolus configured for administration to an animal, wherein said dosage form and said bolus is configured to release a methane inhibitor to the animal over a period of time. Preferably the methane inhibitor is a haloform. Also provided is the use of the bolus of the invention to reduce methane production in a ruminant animal. Also provided is the method of manufacturing a bolus of the invention.

Disclosed herein are compositions and using said compositions in methods for decreasing methane in the rumen of ruminants, in methods of decreasing enteric methane emissions in subjects, landfills and topsoil, in fermentation, and in methods of modulating microbiome of ruminants. Also disclosed herein are compositions and using said compositions in methods for reducing ammonia in the rumen of ruminants, in methods of decreasing enteric methane emissions in subjects, landfills and topsoil, and in fermentation.