The present invention discloses oral isotonic compositions to provide hydration to mammals in need, comprising a prebiotic oligosaccharide or fructo-oligosaccharide and at least three members of the group consisting of steviol glycoside, citric acid monohydrate, glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate and glycine.

A wet food supply apparatus of a wet food processing system includes an outer housing defining an internal cavity, a rotary food processing unit located within the internal cavity during operation of the wet food supply apparatus, and a separation assembly for withdrawing the rotary food processing unit from within the internal cavity for cleaning purposes. The separation assembly includes a threaded rod having a first portion attached to the rotary food processing unit, a second portion rotatably supported by the outer housing for relative rotation, and a third, terminal end portion including a tool mounting member for receiving a drive head of a drive mechanism, such as a portable, battery powered rotary impact tool, for rotating the threaded rod to selectively shift the rotary food processing unit out of the internal cavity of the outer housing to expose the rotary food processing unit.

Methods of detecting the presence of one copy or 2 copies of a minor allele of one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms selected from the group consisting of SNP A3_117040611, SNP A3_117041908 and SNP A3_117081913 are disclosed. Methods of identifying a feline subject as being at an increased likelihood of developing cat kidney disease are disclosed. Methods of monitoring the health of a feline subject identified as having an increased likelihood of developing CKD are provided. Methods of monitoring the health of a feline subject and response to treatment for renal disease that comprise quantifying at 2PY present are provided. Methods of delaying onset and severity of cat kidney disease in a feline subject identified as having an increased likelihood of developing CKD and methods of treating cats that have CKD are provided.

A flavor composition comprising at least one compound that modulates, increases and/or enhances the activity of a GPR120 fatty acid receptor that can be used to enhance the fatty acid taste and/or palatability of pet food products is described herein. Also disclosed herein are methods for identifying said compounds.

A flavor composition comprising at least one compound that modulates, increases and/or enhances the activity of a GPR120 fatty acid receptor that can be used to enhance the fatty acid taste and/or palatability of pet food products is described herein. Also disclosed herein are methods for identifying said compounds.

Methods for treatment and compositions are provided for increasing the health of humans, livestock, and companion animals. More particularly, dietary supplements (also referred to as PPA (prebiotic, probiotic, antibodies) compositions) for treating humans, livestock, and companion animals, and methods for making and using them for treatment of various conditions are disclosed.

The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of epilepsy in an animal. In one embodiment, a method for treating epilepsy in a companion animal can comprise administering to the companion animal a food composition comprising a medium chain triglyceride (MCT), wherein the MCT is present in the food composition in an effective amount for reducing or preventing seizures when the food composition is administered to the companion animal.

A meat analogue may include a macrostructure of connected sheared fibers oriented parallel to one another and gaps positioned between the sheared fibers. The macrostructure may include meat and may include a vegetable protein. An extrusion system may include an extruder and a die. The extrusion system may produce a meat analogue. A meat analogue may include an animal protein. The extruder may be connectable to the die. The extrusion system may be configured to direct a material including an animal protein from the extruder to the die and through a fluid path extending through the die. The die may be configured to inject a fat or a fat analogue into the material such that the fat or the fat analogue is embedded but visually distinct from the material including the animal protein when the fat or the fat analogue and the material exit the die.

The present invention relates to methods of determining the levels of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio, which is useful in decreasing the levels of 3-methydlhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein. The pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis. The pet foodstuff described is fed to a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia. The present invention also relates to methods of feeding the pet foodstuff described and/or dietary regimes to provide the companion animal with the benefit of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.

The present invention relates to methods of determining the levels of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio, which is useful in decreasing the levels of 3-methydlhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein. The pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis. The pet foodstuff described is fed to a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia. The present invention also relates to methods of feeding the pet foodstuff described and/or dietary regimes to provide the companion animal with the benefit of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.