An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, including various adhesives applications.

An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, such as color enhancement, and color enhancement structures containing the same.

An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, especially in the field of solar cells and other energy conversion devices.

This present invention generally relates to a process for manipulating the chemistry of a product using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) in the presence of a working gas, and in particular to a process for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms in a liquid product by adding an acidic component to or adjusting an acidic component of a product in combination with HVACP treatment. A product of this process is also in the scope of this disclosure.

This present invention generally relates to a process for manipulating the chemistry of a product using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) in the presence of a working gas, and in particular to a process for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms in a liquid product by adding an acidic component to or adjusting an acidic component of a product in combination with HVACP treatment. A product of this process is also in the scope of this disclosure.

The present invention discloses an ultrasound-electrode-nano-porous membrane coupling hydrogen production and sterilization system, which comprises a vessel and a plurality of hydrogen production units arranged in the vessel. The hydrogen production unit comprises a cavity, and a broadband ultrasonic generator and a circular hydrogen production electrode located in the cavity. The circular hydrogen production electrode wraps around the broadband ultrasonic generator. A bottom membrane at the bottom of the cavity is hydrophobic at the inner side and hydrophilic at the outer side, and a side membrane of the cavity is hydrophilic at the inner side and hydrophobic at the outer side and is mounted vertically or obliquely upwards by an angle of 0-45 degrees. The system has the functions of continuously and efficiently facilitating self-circulation micro-flow of a liquid system, hydrogen dissolution (as nano-bubbles), conversion from the interface to the bulk phase and dispersion of bubbles, sterilization and others.

The present invention discloses an ultrasound-electrode-nano-porous membrane coupling hydrogen production and sterilization system, which comprises a vessel and a plurality of hydrogen production units arranged in the vessel. The hydrogen production unit comprises a cavity, and a broadband ultrasonic generator and a circular hydrogen production electrode located in the cavity. The circular hydrogen production electrode wraps around the broadband ultrasonic generator. A bottom membrane at the bottom of the cavity is hydrophobic at the inner side and hydrophilic at the outer side, and a side membrane of the cavity is hydrophilic at the inner side and hydrophobic at the outer side and is mounted vertically or obliquely upwards by an angle of 0-45 degrees. The system has the functions of continuously and efficiently facilitating self-circulation micro-flow of a liquid system, hydrogen dissolution (as nano-bubbles), conversion from the interface to the bulk phase and dispersion of bubbles, sterilization and others.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.