A birch sap beverage having an extended shelf life and process for the manufacture thereof in which a birch sap is adjusted to a standard pre-determined Brix value and then subjected to either (a) ultra-high temperature (UHT) pasteurization followed with aseptic packaging or (b) packaging followed by UHT. Additional birch sap products having extended shelf life are also disclosed and claimed.

A system for supercooling a product is provided, the system comprising: a chamber containing a supercooling medium; and disruptors that emit sound waves, ultrasound waves, and/or electromagnetic waves in the chamber; wherein during a cooling cycle the chamber reaches a cooling temperature below 0 C. and during a warming cycle the chamber reaches a warming temperature greater than the cooling temperature. The supercooling system may be used to supercool perishable products below freezing to extend shelf life and freshness of the products. Other embodiments of the supercooling system, and methods for its use, are described herein.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places inavicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places inavicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

The array induced electric field fluid reaction system comprises a reaction unit array with a plurality of reaction units interactively connected as a network configuration, a power supply and a sample container, wherein each reaction unit has a closed iron core, a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and secondary coil are, respectively, wound around two sides of the closed iron core, and the secondary coil comprises an insulation pipe for circulating the reaction medium. When the array induced electric field fluid reaction system operates, no charged needle-type electrodes or electrode plates are inserted into the reaction medium. Electrochemical reaction and metal contamination may be avoided. The reaction units can form an array network connection and series/parallel connection, and when the induced electric field in each reaction unit is acted on the reaction medium, specific reaction effects may be achieved.

The array induced electric field fluid reaction system comprises a reaction unit array with a plurality of reaction units interactively connected as a network configuration, a power supply and a sample container, wherein each reaction unit has a closed iron core, a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil and secondary coil are, respectively, wound around two sides of the closed iron core, and the secondary coil comprises an insulation pipe for circulating the reaction medium. When the array induced electric field fluid reaction system operates, no charged needle-type electrodes or electrode plates are inserted into the reaction medium. Electrochemical reaction and metal contamination may be avoided. The reaction units can form an array network connection and series/parallel connection, and when the induced electric field in each reaction unit is acted on the reaction medium, specific reaction effects may be achieved.

Disclosed is an apparatus for sterilizing a food or a medical appliance. The apparatus includes a sterilization tank, electrode rods arranged to face each other at both sides of the bottom surface of the sterilization tank and made of a conductive metal selected from Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, and alloys thereof, the electrode rod at one side being connected to a positive (+) electrode and the electrode rod at the other side being connected to a negative () electrode, and a field effect transistor connected to the electrode rods through 2.0 to 5.0 mm thick electric wires. When electric power is applied to the electrode rods, a content in the sterilization tank is instantaneously sterilized by electrical energy. The apparatus can kill microbial bacteria by a physical process for instantaneous sterilization including applying electrical energy to an object in need of sterilization in a food or a medical appliance. Also disclosed is a method of using the apparatus.

A system includes memory banks that store data and a data path coupled to the memory banks that transfers the data. The system also includes a latch that gates the data path based on a clock signal in the system. The system further includes interface circuitry coupled to the data path that sends an instruction to the memory banks to transmit the data on the data path in response to receiving a first rising edge of the clock signal. The interface circuitry also outputs gated data in response to receiving a second rising edge of the clock signal. The latch gates the data path to store the gated data in response to receiving a falling edge of the clock signal.