Provided is a method for producing a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer, the method including: obtaining a first reactant by allowing a cellulose-based compound and an acid substituted with fluorine to react; and adding dropwise an acid anhydride substituted with fluorine to the first reactant at a temperature higher than room temperature. Also provided is a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer.

Provided is a method for producing a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer, the method including: obtaining a first reactant by allowing a cellulose-based compound and an acid substituted with fluorine to react; and adding dropwise an acid anhydride substituted with fluorine to the first reactant at a temperature higher than room temperature. Also provided is a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer.

The present invention relates method for purifying antibodies, said method comprising a limited number of steps while still allowing obtaining high yields of purified antibodies with an appropriate degree of purity. Briefly, this method comprises only filtration and precipitation steps, omitting the need for chromatography steps.

The present invention relates method for purifying antibodies, said method comprising a limited number of steps while still allowing obtaining high yields of purified antibodies with an appropriate degree of purity. Briefly, this method comprises only filtration and precipitation steps, omitting the need for chromatography steps.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a composite hollow-fiber membrane having high permeability and high membrane strength; and a production method therefor. The present invention pertains to a composite hollow-fiber membrane that at least has a layer (A) and a layer (B), wherein the layer (A) contains a thermoplastic resin, the layer (A) is provided with a co-continuous structure comprising voids and a phase containing the thermoplastic resin, the co-continuous structure has a structural cycle of 1-1000 nm, and the hole area rate H.sub.A of the layer (A) and the hole area rate H.sub.B of the layer (B) fulfill the relation: H.sub.A<H.sub.B.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a composite hollow-fiber membrane having high permeability and high membrane strength; and a production method therefor. The present invention pertains to a composite hollow-fiber membrane that at least has a layer (A) and a layer (B), wherein the layer (A) contains a thermoplastic resin, the layer (A) is provided with a co-continuous structure comprising voids and a phase containing the thermoplastic resin, the co-continuous structure has a structural cycle of 1-1000 nm, and the hole area rate H.sub.A of the layer (A) and the hole area rate H.sub.B of the layer (B) fulfill the relation: H.sub.A<H.sub.B.

A method for separating microplastics from an animal feces, the method including: 1) freeze-drying an animal fecal sample; 2) transferring the animal fecal sample dried in 1) into a beaker, adding a Fenton's reagent; stirring a mixture of the animal fecal sample and the Fenton's reagent until no bubbles were produced; constantly adding the Fenton's reagent to the mixture; filtering the mixture through a plurality of cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate (CN-CA) membranes, and transferring the plurality of CN-CA membranes into a plurality of 500 mL beakers; adding 100 mL of 65% HNO.sub.3 to each beaker, placing the each beaker in a water bath firstly at 50° C. for 30 min and then at 70° C. for 15 min; cooling the each beaker in an ice bath, and filtering a solution in the each beaker through a first polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane; and 3) transferring the first PTFE membrane into a 500 mL beaker.

A method for separating microplastics from an animal feces, the method including: 1) freeze-drying an animal fecal sample; 2) transferring the animal fecal sample dried in 1) into a beaker, adding a Fenton's reagent; stirring a mixture of the animal fecal sample and the Fenton's reagent until no bubbles were produced; constantly adding the Fenton's reagent to the mixture; filtering the mixture through a plurality of cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate (CN-CA) membranes, and transferring the plurality of CN-CA membranes into a plurality of 500 mL beakers; adding 100 mL of 65% HNO.sub.3 to each beaker, placing the each beaker in a water bath firstly at 50° C. for 30 min and then at 70° C. for 15 min; cooling the each beaker in an ice bath, and filtering a solution in the each beaker through a first polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane; and 3) transferring the first PTFE membrane into a 500 mL beaker.

A hollow fiber membrane that is a hollow fiber type semipermeable membrane, wherein a Raman value is 70% or more, and the Raman value is a ratio of a minimum value to a maximum value of peak intensities, which are intensities of maximum peaks in each of multiple Raman spectra obtained by Raman spectroscopy at multiple points in a membrane thickness direction of a transverse cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane in a state of being swollen with water.

A hollow fiber membrane that is a hollow fiber type semipermeable membrane, wherein a Raman value is 70% or more, and the Raman value is a ratio of a minimum value to a maximum value of peak intensities, which are intensities of maximum peaks in each of multiple Raman spectra obtained by Raman spectroscopy at multiple points in a membrane thickness direction of a transverse cross-section of the hollow fiber membrane in a state of being swollen with water.