A feed fluid mixture including at least one condensable component and at least one non-condensable component is separated into a gaseous permeate and an at least partially liquid retentate with a gas separation membrane through simultaneous condensation of at least one of said at least one condensable component on a retentate side of the membrane and permeation of at least one of said at least one non-condensable component through the membrane.

The present disclosure relates to a dialysis apparatus comprising a membrane having at least one protein from the lipocalin family bound thereon. The disclosure further relates to methods of removing non-polar, hydrophobic and/or protein bound uremic toxins from a target subject utilizing the dialysis apparatus described herein as well as methods of extracorporeal detoxification.

The present disclosure relates to a dialysis apparatus comprising a membrane having at least one protein from the lipocalin family bound thereon. The disclosure further relates to methods of removing non-polar, hydrophobic and/or protein bound uremic toxins from a target subject utilizing the dialysis apparatus described herein as well as methods of extracorporeal detoxification.

Providing a membrane-forming solution suitable for producing a separation membrane such as a hollow fiber membrane and a flat membrane. A membrane-forming solution including triacetylcellulose having an acetyl group substitution degree of 2.7 or higher, a good solvent for thermally induced phase separation and a poor solvent for thermally induced phase separation, wherein the good solvent is capable of heat-dissolving the triacetylcellulose (at a solid content concentration of 25 mass %), and the poor solvent is incapable of dissolving the triacetylcellulose up to the heat dissolution temperature of the good solvent, wherein both the good solvent and the poor solvent are included so as to enable phase separation of the heat-dissolved triacetylcellulose solution while the heat-dissolved triacetylcellulose solution is cooled to room temperature (from 20 to 30 C.), and wherein a mixing ratio in a total amount of the good solvent and the poor solvent is from 5 to 40 mass % of the good solvent and from 60 to 95 mass % of the poor solvent.

Provided is a method for producing a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer, the method including: obtaining a first reactant by allowing a cellulose-based compound and an acid substituted with fluorine to react; and adding dropwise an acid anhydride substituted with fluorine to the first reactant at a temperature higher than room temperature. Also provided is a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer.

Provided is a method for producing a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer, the method including: obtaining a first reactant by allowing a cellulose-based compound and an acid substituted with fluorine to react; and adding dropwise an acid anhydride substituted with fluorine to the first reactant at a temperature higher than room temperature. Also provided is a composition for forming a gas separation membrane active layer.

Described in the present application are methods of producing silane-crosslinked polymer membranes at moderate temperatures using acid catalysts that, in certain embodiments, result in membranes with unexpectedly high permeabilities and selectivities. In certain embodiments, grafting and crosslinking of the silanes occur by immersing a preformed membrane in a solution comprising a silane and an acid catalyst. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, grafting of silanes to a polymer occurs in the presence of acid catalyst in solution and subsequent casting and drying produces crosslinked membranes. In certain embodiments, an acid catalyst is a weak acid catalyst. Also described in the present application are asymmetric crosslinked polymer membranes with porous layers. In certain embodiments, crosslinked cellulose acetate membranes have permeability up to an order of magnitude greater than the permeability of unmodified cellulose acetate membranes. The membranes have porous layers with a high porosity due to their processing in moderate conditions.

Described in the present application are methods of producing silane-crosslinked polymer membranes at moderate temperatures using acid catalysts that, in certain embodiments, result in membranes with unexpectedly high permeabilities and selectivities. In certain embodiments, grafting and crosslinking of the silanes occur by immersing a preformed membrane in a solution comprising a silane and an acid catalyst. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, grafting of silanes to a polymer occurs in the presence of acid catalyst in solution and subsequent casting and drying produces crosslinked membranes. In certain embodiments, an acid catalyst is a weak acid catalyst. Also described in the present application are asymmetric crosslinked polymer membranes with porous layers. In certain embodiments, crosslinked cellulose acetate membranes have permeability up to an order of magnitude greater than the permeability of unmodified cellulose acetate membranes. The membranes have porous layers with a high porosity due to their processing in moderate conditions.

The disclosure pertains to sanitizing the permeate flow path of a reverse osmosis system. A method of sanitizing a filtration system is disclosed that can include injecting a biocide into a permeate compartment of an operating reverse osmosis system. The method can also include maintaining pressure in a concentrate compartment of the reverse osmosis system simultaneously while injecting the biocide.

The disclosure pertains to sanitizing the permeate flow path of a reverse osmosis system. A method of sanitizing a filtration system is disclosed that can include injecting a biocide into a permeate compartment of an operating reverse osmosis system. The method can also include maintaining pressure in a concentrate compartment of the reverse osmosis system simultaneously while injecting the biocide.