A process of treating a natural gas stream is provided comprising sending natural gas stream through a first adsorbent bed to remove water and heavy hydrocarbons (C8+) to produce a partially treated gas stream in which the first adsorbent bed is regenerated by a temperature swing adsorption process and then sending the partially treated gas stream through a second adsorption bed to remove carbon dioxide and lighter hydrocarbons (C7−) to produce a purified natural gas stream wherein said second adsorption bed is regenerated by a temperature pressure swing adsorption process.

Provided are apparatus and systems for performing a swing adsorption process. This swing adsorption process may involve performing a startup mode process prior to beginning a normal operation mode process to remove contaminants from a gaseous feed stream. The startup mode process may be utilized for swing adsorption processes, such as TSA and/or PSA, which are utilized to remove one or more contaminants from a gaseous feed stream.

A method for producing oxygen from air using vacuum swing adsorption by means of a unit comprising at least two adsorbers each following, with an offset a pressure cycle, with a decompression step comprising at least a co-current first decompression sub-step for the partial balancing of pressure with the other adsorber which is performing counter-current recompression by means of a balancing valve, and, at least for one cycle out of three, a dead time sub-step which succeeds the first decompression sub-step, the method including a pressure of X bar at the end of the first decompression sub-step for the cycles that do not have a dead time sub-step, and a pressure of X bar at the end of the dead time sub-step, opening the balancing valve identically during the first decompression sub-step and the dead time sub-step, for the cycles that do have a dead time sub-step.

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and methods for controlling each PSA cycle performed by the PSA system to produce oxygen enriched gas during productive portions of a user breathing cycle, and to cease production of oxygen enriched gas during non-productive portions of the user breathing cycle, is provided. The PSA system synchronizes PSA cycle phases including adsorption and desorption phases with a user's individual inhalation and exhalation phases, on a breath by breath basis, such that each PSA cycle can be dynamically varied from a succeeding PSA cycle, in real time in response to variations in the user's breathing cycle. An oxygen delivery device including a breathing cycle sensor provides breathing cycle inputs to a controller for use with at least one algorithm to detect breathing flow phases during each user breath, and to synchronize each PSA cycle to the user's breathing flow phases, on a breath-by-breath basis.

Pressure swing adsorption process for reducing fluctuations in the flow rate of tail gas from the adsorption unit and reducing fluctuations in the stoichiometric oxidant flow rate required to completely combust the tail gas in a reformer furnace. Constant flow rate and constant fuel property can be obtained by intelligent mixing designs.

A system for pressure swing adsorption including: a plurality of beds each performing at least one of an adsorbing process, a pressure equalizing process, a vacuum process, or a pressurizing process; a supply valve provided in each of the beds and connected to a mixed gas supply unit to supply a mixed gas to the bed; a discharge valve provided in each of the beds and connected to a hydrogen gas discharge unit to discharge hydrogen generated in the bed; a vacuum valve provided in each of the beds and connected to a vacuum pump so as to be open to the vacuum pump during the vacuum process of the bed; and a control unit that controls the supply valve, the discharge valve, and the vacuum valve to allow each of the beds to perform the adsorbing process, the pressure equalizing process, the vacuum process, or the pressurizing process.

A process for obtaining carbon dioxide from furnace combustion fumes is provided. The process comprises removing water vapour occurring in combustion fumes through successive gas compression and expansion steps; separating carbon dioxide from oxygen and nitrogen through the use of a filter comprising a gas-separating material, including fullerenes and zeolites, to obtain substantially pure gaseous carbon dioxide; subsequently optionally producing dry ice through further steps of compression and expansion of the substantially pure gaseous carbon dioxide obtained in the preceding steps.

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and methods for controlling each PSA cycle performed by the PSA system to produce oxygen enriched gas during productive portions of a user breathing cycle, and to cease production of oxygen enriched gas during non-productive portions of the user breathing cycle, is provided. The PSA system synchronizes PSA cycle phases including adsorption and desorption phases with a user's individual inhalation and exhalation phases, on a breath by breath basis, such that each PSA cycle can be dynamically varied from a succeeding PSA cycle, in real time in response to variations in the user's breathing cycle. An oxygen delivery device including a breathing cycle sensor provides breathing cycle inputs to a controller for use with at least one algorithm to detect breathing flow phases during each user breath, and to synchronize each PSA cycle to the user's breathing flow phases, on a breath-by-breath basis.

A ventilator includes a bidirectional breath detection airline and a flow outlet airline. The flow outlet airline includes an airline outlet. The flow outline airline is configured to be connected to an invasive ventilator circuit or a noninvasive ventilator circuit. The breath detection airline includes airline inlet. The airline inlet is separated from the airline outlet of the flow outline airline. The ventilator further includes a pressure sensor in direct fluid communication with the breath detection airline. The pressure sensor is configured to measure breathing pressure from the user and generate sensor data indicative of breathing by the user. The ventilator further includes a controller in electronic communication with the pressure sensor. The controller is programmed to detect the breathing by the user based on the sensor data received from the pressure sensor.

A temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process for removing a target component from a gaseous mixture, where the process is carried out in a plurality of reactors. Each reactor performs the following steps: an adsorption step wherein an input stream of said gaseous mixture is contacted with a solid adsorbent selective for said target component, producing a first waste stream depleted of the target component; a heating step for regeneration of the loaded adsorbent providing a first output stream containing the target component; and a cooling step of the regenerated adsorbent.