A system (300), method and generator (301) for producing solvated nanoclusters of a guest substance. The method comprises providing a container (302) containing a plurality of surfaces (304) distributed therein; introducing a solvent (103) within which the solvated nanoclusters are to be generated into the container such that the solvent comes in contact with the surfaces; and distributing a fluid guest substance within the solvent, wherein the plurality of surfaces comprises random packings or structured packings or both, wherein the packings are made of or coated with (i) permanent-magnetic material or (ii) dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electric charge or dipole polarisation.

A system (300), method and generator (301) for producing solvated nanoclusters of a guest substance. The method comprises providing a container (302) containing a plurality of surfaces (304) distributed therein; introducing a solvent (103) within which the solvated nanoclusters are to be generated into the container such that the solvent comes in contact with the surfaces; and distributing a fluid guest substance within the solvent, wherein the plurality of surfaces comprises random packings or structured packings or both, wherein the packings are made of or coated with (i) permanent-magnetic material or (ii) dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electric charge or dipole polarisation.

The present invention provides a system and a method for enhancing mass transfer of a gas between a gaseous medium and a liquid medium in reactions involving such a mass transfer, and for effective mixing of the liquid medium.

The present invention provides a system and a method for generating nanobubbles in a liquid medium, which involves one or more movable members, each having a surface and configured to periodically expose at least a portion of the surface to the gaseous medium and the liquid medium to form a wetted surface, thereby generating a renewing wetted surface for enhancing mass transfer of the gas between the liquid medium and gaseous medium; and means for generating an electric field in the proximity of the renewing wetted surface for the generation of nanobubbles without electrolysis of the liquid medium.

The present invention provides a system and a method for generating nanobubbles in a liquid medium, which involves one or more movable members, each having a surface and configured to periodically expose at least a portion of the surface to the gaseous medium and the liquid medium to form a wetted surface, thereby generating a renewing wetted surface for enhancing mass transfer of the gas between the liquid medium and gaseous medium; and means for generating an electric field in the proximity of the renewing wetted surface for the generation of nanobubbles without electrolysis of the liquid medium.

A cavitator utilizes hydrodynamic effects to create a compression-decompression effect on a fluid or on a mixture of fluids, resulting in cavitation effects and the generation of ultrafine bubbles. The cavitator comprises a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a compression-decompression chamber situated between the inlet and outlet. The fluid is forced through the chamber under controlled pressure, causing hydrodynamic effects to generate the compression-decompression effect and ultrafine bubbles. This results in cavitation effects, which can be utilized for various applications, such as cleaning, mixing, or milling. The cavitator is designed to be compact, efficient, easy to use, requiring minimal maintenance, and offers a cost-effective solution for generating cavitation effects.

A cavitator utilizes hydrodynamic effects to create a compression-decompression effect on a fluid or on a mixture of fluids, resulting in cavitation effects and the generation of ultrafine bubbles. The cavitator comprises a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a compression-decompression chamber situated between the inlet and outlet. The fluid is forced through the chamber under controlled pressure, causing hydrodynamic effects to generate the compression-decompression effect and ultrafine bubbles. This results in cavitation effects, which can be utilized for various applications, such as cleaning, mixing, or milling. The cavitator is designed to be compact, efficient, easy to use, requiring minimal maintenance, and offers a cost-effective solution for generating cavitation effects.

To generate homogenized super-micro bubbles of nano-scale in a simple structure and at a low cost, a super-micro bubble generator has a cylindrical casing provided with an opening for the introduction of a liquid at one end and an outlet for delivery of the liquid at the other end, and the cylindrical casing includes: a flow speed increasing part for increasing the flow speed of the liquid introduced from the introduction opening; a gas suction part for drawing gas from the outside into the casing, wherein the pressure is decreased by a liquid flow whose flow speed is increased in the flow speed increasing part; and a super-micro bubble-containing liquid producing part for shearing, by the liquid flow whose flow speed is increased in the flow speed increasing part, the gas that is sucked by the gas suction part and generating a liquid including super-micro bubbles, in this order, from the introduction opening to the delivery opening.

A nanobubble-producing apparatus includes a liquid vat provided with a bubble-containing-liquid inlet in an upper part thereof and a bubble-containing-liquid outlet in a bottom part thereof, a microbubble-containing-liquid supply unit to supply microbubble-containing liquid that contains microbubbles to the bubble-containing-liquid inlet of the liquid vat, an ultrasonic collapse unit to radiate ultrasonic waves to the inside of the liquid vat so that an ultrasonic collapse field in which the collapsing of the microbubbles with the ultrasonic waves is concentrated and nanobubbles are generated is formed at a location where the microbubble-containing liquid supplied into the liquid vat through the bubble-containing-liquid inlet flows downward, and a nanobubble-containing-liquid extraction portion where the nanobubble-containing liquid that contains the nanobubbles generated by the ultrasonic collapse unit is taken out of the liquid vat through the bubble-containing-liquid outlet.

An apparatus configured to result in a penetration of one or more gasses into a dermis of biological skin, wherein the apparatus includes a fluid reservoir configured to contain an amount of a liquid in contact with a portion of a person's skin, and a nanobubble generator configured to inject nanobubbles into the liquid, wherein the nanobubbles contain the one or more gasses. The contact of the liquid containing the nanobubbles with the person's skin results in a cutaneous uptake of a gas contained in the nanobubbies into the person's skin, which may be beneficial in treating an ailment, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy.