Embodiments include a system for generating nanobubbles in a solvent, including a device for generating a reverse and forward flow in the solvent, wherein the solvent has one or more gases dissolved in it; and a Tesla valve fluidly coupled to the device, wherein the device pushes the solvent through the Tesla valve one or more times alternatingly in a forward and reverse direction to generate nanobubbles of a desired concentration and size. Aspects include a method for generating nanobubbles in a solvent, including filling a device with a desired solvent containing one or more gases dissolved in it; wherein the device is capable of generating a reverse and forward flow in the solvent, and wherein a Tesla valve is fluidly coupled to the device; and using the device to push the solvent through the Tesla valve one or more times alternatingly in forward and reverse directions to generate nanobubbles.

The disclosure provides compositions comprising water and ultrafine bubbles, and optionally non-gaseous solutes. The disclosure also provides methods of making and using such compositions.

The disclosure provides compositions comprising water and ultrafine bubbles, and optionally non-gaseous solutes. The disclosure also provides methods of making and using such compositions.

A method and apparatus for producing chlorine gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.6 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chlorine-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce chlorine gas.

A method and apparatus for producing chlorine gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.6 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chlorine-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce chlorine gas.

A treatment device for a liquid may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air and an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor. The treatment device may also include an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer and configured to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the compressed dry air and output the nitrogen to the air dryer. The treatment device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the oxygen concentrator and configured to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

A treatment device for a liquid may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air and an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor. The treatment device may also include an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer and configured to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the compressed dry air and output the nitrogen to the air dryer. The treatment device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the oxygen concentrator and configured to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

An oxygen nanobubble system may include a liquid source for liquid to be treated with oxygen nanobubbles. The system may also include a field portable oxygen nanobubble device including a portable housing, an air compressor carried by the portable housing and configured to generate compressed air, an air dryer carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air compressor, an oxygen concentrator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air dryer, and a liquid pump carried by the portable housing and configured to pump liquid from the liquid source. The field portable oxygen nanobubble device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the liquid pump and to the oxygen concentrator to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

An oxygen nanobubble system may include a liquid source for liquid to be treated with oxygen nanobubbles. The system may also include a field portable oxygen nanobubble device including a portable housing, an air compressor carried by the portable housing and configured to generate compressed air, an air dryer carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air compressor, an oxygen concentrator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the air dryer, and a liquid pump carried by the portable housing and configured to pump liquid from the liquid source. The field portable oxygen nanobubble device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator carried by the portable housing and coupled downstream from the liquid pump and to the oxygen concentrator to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

A surface water treatment system may include a surface water source and an oxygen nanobubble device. The oxygen nanobubble device may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air, an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor, and an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer. The oxygen nanobubble device may also include a recirculating surface water pump coupled to the surface water source. The oxygen nanobubble device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the recirculating surface water pump and coupled to the oxygen concentrator to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the surface water.