A carbon dioxide and nitrogen infused wine product includes wine infused with both carbon dioxide and nitrogen. A ratio of carbon dioxide to nitrogen in the wine can be in a range of 80% CO.sub.2/20% N.sub.2-60% CO.sub.2/40% N.sub.2.

A system for preparing and dispensing a nitrogen-infused beverage includes a chilled water delivery subsystem, a beverage concentrate subsystem including a beverage concentrate fluidically coupled to a beverage pump, and a nitrogen delivery subsystem. The system includes a nitrogen infuser having a first input fluidically coupled to the nitrogen delivery subsystem and one other input fluidically coupled to the beverage pump. A flavor concentrate subsystem includes a flavor concentrate fluidically coupled to a flavor pump. The system also includes a kegerator tower assembly, and a flavor manifold having a first input fluidically coupled to an output of the nitrogen infuser, one other input to the at least one flavor pump, and an output fluidically coupled to an input of the kegerator tower assembly. A controller controls the beverage pump and the flavor pump. A computer coupled to a camera, and configured for instructing the controller to prepare the beverage.

A treatment device for a liquid may include an air compressor configured to generate compressed air and an air dryer coupled downstream from the air compressor. The treatment device may also include an oxygen concentrator coupled downstream from the air dryer and configured to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the compressed dry air and output the nitrogen to the air dryer. The treatment device may also include an oxygen nanobubble generator coupled downstream from the oxygen concentrator and configured to generate oxygen nanobubbles within the liquid.

A chemical liquid preparation method of preparing a TMAH-containing chemical liquid, including, a correspondence relationship preparing step of preparing a correspondence relationship between a supply flow rate ratio between an oxygen-containing gas and an inert-gas-containing gas and a convergent dissolved oxygen concentration in the TMAH-containing chemical liquid that is converged to when the oxygen-containing gas and the inert-gas-containing gas are supplied into the TMAH-containing chemical liquid; a concentration setting step of setting a target dissolved oxygen concentration in the TMAH-containing chemical liquid; a supply-flow-rate-ratio acquiring step of acquiring the supply flow rate ratio between the oxygen-containing gas and the inert-gas-containing gas corresponding to the target dissolved oxygen concentration in accordance with the correspondence relationship prepared in the correspondence relationship preparing step; and a gas supplying step of supplying the oxygen-containing gas and the inert-gas-containing gas with the supply flow rate ratio acquired in the supply-flow-rate-ratio acquiring step.

An apparatus, includes: a first raw material supply unit 110 including a filter housing 111, a supply fan 112, a flow regulator 113, an electronic valve 114, and an air supply line 115, wherein the supply fan 112 is operated to suck in external air, in the process, the HEPA filter (not shown) mounted inside the filter housing 112 filters fine dust and adjusts the air supply flow rate from the flow regulator 113 to the appropriate flow rate and supplies through the supply line 115 to the ion generator 200; a second raw material supply unit 120 including a pressure regulator 122, a flow regulator 123, an electronic valve 124, and an air supply line 125.

A low acid beverage product such as e.g. coffee, cold brew coffee or nitro cold brew coffee product that is shelf stable for 180 days at refrigerated conditions including a sealed container having a liquid portion and a headspace. The liquid portion has the beverage with oxygen dissolved therein. A method of manufacturing the beverage includes dissolving oxygen and into a cold beverage and packaging the liquid beverage product with oxygen dissolved therein into a sealed container. The liquid beverage product also includes flavorings or sweeteners or milk products in the sealed container and remains free from Clostridium botulinum (C. bot).

A liquid delivery system and a gas-liquid mixing device are provided. The gas-liquid mixing device includes a ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation module, a RNS (reactive nitrogen species) generation module, a venturi, and a control module. The ROS generation module and the RNS generation module can react with air through electrical breakdown effect to respectively generate a plurality of ROS gas particles and a plurality of RNS gas particles. The venturi can generate a negative pressure to draw in the ROS gas particles and the RNS gas particles, so as to be mixed into a liquid. The control module can control one of the ROS generation module and the RNS generation module to perform electrical breakdown effect to obtain a surge duration, and another one of the ROS generation module and the RNS generation module to perform electrical breakdown effect after the surge duration.

A substrate cleaning method, including a step of transporting a substrate after the substrate has been polished; a step of holding the substrate substantially horizontally by a substrate holding portion; a step of scrub cleaning a lower surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate; a first step of, after the step of scrub cleaning is performed, supplying a chemical solution from a first nozzle to the lower surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate; and a second step of, after the first step is performed, supplying a bubble-containing pure water from a second nozzle to the lower surface of the substrate while rotating the substrate, wherein bubbles contained in the bubble-containing pure water have bubble diameters of 1 m or more and 500 m or less.

A gas infuser includes a mixing chamber and a liquid injector. Gas is supplied into the mixing chamber and liquid flows through openings of the injector to mix with the gas in the mixing chamber and form a gas-infused liquid.

A method of recycling unused gases in a water aeration process includes providing a confined plunging liquid jet reactor system; producing a water jet at an outlet of a nozzle; entraining air in the water jet as the water jet flows from the outlet of the nozzle to obtain an entrained air water jet; entraining oxygen in the entrained air water jet to obtain an entrained oxygen air water jet; flowing the entrained oxygen air water jet into a water in a fluid reservoir thereby forming small water bubbles as the entrained oxygen air water jet penetrates into the water; forming large water bubbles as the small water bubbles ascend toward the surface layer of the water; and recycling unused gases under a hood by flowing the unused gases toward the outlet of the nozzle, thereby entraining the unused gases in the entrained air water jet.