An apparatus for continuously generating and controlling the density of foam has a fluid in-flow manifold in communication with a source of liquid and comprising a pressure sensor. A plurality of branch lines are in fluid communication with the in-flow manifold a foam out-flow manifold. Each branch line has a flow control valve, a Venturi tube and in fluid communication with a throat of each Venturi tube an air induction control valve. The foam out-flow manifold has a pressure sensor. At least one in-flow control valve is disposed between the source and the in-flow manifold and at least one out-flow control valve is in communication with the out-flow manifold. The branch valves, air valves, the in-flow control valve and the out-flow control valve are operable to provide a chosen flow rate of the liquid and a selected foam product flow rate at a selected density of the foam product.

One object is to generate, without the need for a motive power source and a high level of machining accuracy, micro-bubbles containing a large amount of fine air bubbles. Another object is to provide a micro-bubble generator that switches between micro-bubble water, which contains micro-bubbles, and foamed water containing a large amount of air and having a tender texture. The micro-bubble generator includes: a water passage that includes a smaller diameter portion and a larger diameter portion disposed on the downstream side of the smaller diameter portion; an air inlet disposed in the larger diameter portion and an elastic body disposed in the air inlet and configured to isolate the water passage from external air. The elastic body is compressible by negative pressure generated in the water passage, causing the external air to be sucked into the water passage through the air inlet and over the compressed elastic body.

An aeration apparatus for aerating water discharged from a hydraulic turbine includes: a manifold disposed within a crown of a runner of the hydraulic turbine; a plurality of radial pipes extending radially from an outer perimeter of the manifold and in fluid communication with the manifold; and one or more air injectors having a first end disposed within an aeration pipe, each of the one or more air injectors having a second end extending into a nozzle at a first end of one of the radial pipes. Rotation of the aeration apparatus resulting from rotation of the runner causes pumping of water from the manifold through the radial pipes past the one or more air injectors, and water flowing past the one or more air injectors causes air to become entrained in the water. The radial pipes discharge the water and entrained air from the aeration apparatus.

A micro-bubble acquisition apparatus is disclosed including a first body in which a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel, a vortex cavity communicating the water inlet channel with the water outlet channel, and an air inlet channel communicated with the vortex cavity are provided. The vortex cavity has an axis offset from an axis of the water inlet channel, the vortex cavity is provided with a water inlet communicated with the water inlet channel, and the water inlet is arranged at a side of the axis of the water inlet channel away from the axis of the vortex cavity.

Liquid treatment apparatus comprises at least two chambers being first and second chambers through which a fluid can flow. The two chambers are separated by at least one choke nozzle which has an entrance in the first chamber and an exit in the second chamber. The choke nozzle comprises a converging section at its entrance, a throat section, a backward-facing step immediately after the throat section, and an exit section at its exit wherein the exit section diverges from the step. Similarly constructed mixing nozzles may be included in the apparatus. The apparatus is especially useful in processes requiring a gas to be entrained in a fluid so that the gas is in the form of very small bubbles that do not tend to coalesce and flash off such as in the dissolution of gold and other precious metals from ore and in the removal of arsenic from an ore.

An apparatus for continuously generating and controlling the density of foam has a fluid in-flow manifold in communication with a source of liquid and comprising a pressure sensor. A plurality of branch lines are in fluid communication with the in-flow manifold a foam out-flow manifold. Each branch line has a flow control valve, a Venturi tube and in fluid communication with a throat of each Venturi tube an air induction control valve. The foam out-flow manifold has a pressure sensor. At least one in-flow control valve is disposed between the source and the in-flow manifold and at least one out-flow control valve is in communication with the out-flow manifold. The branch valves, air valves, the in-flow control valve and the out-flow control valve are operable to provide a chosen flow rate of the liquid and a selected foam product flow rate at a selected density of the foam product.

The present disclosure includes mixing apparatuses comprising a first conduit defining an inlet channel, a second conduit defining an outlet channel, and an injection assembly that is disposed between the first and second conduits. The injection assembly can comprise two or more mixers, each having a reducer conduit that defines a mixing channel and an expander conduit that defines an expanding channel. The injection assembly can also comprise a first injection conduit configured to inject fluid into the mixing channel. At least one of the mixers can comprise a shut-off valve movable from an open position to a closed position in which the shut-off valve prevents fluid from flowing from the mixer to the second conduit. Closing the shut-off valve can increase the fluid flow rate in at least one other of the mixing channels.

A progressive-perforation-type crushing and refining structure is disclosed, which includes a thin-wall-shaped primary crushing and refining member and a secondary crushing and refining member, the primary crushing and refining member and the secondary crushing and refining member are both provided with a plurality of micro-pore channels used for crushing and refining bubbles in a fluid, the primary crushing and refining member and the secondary crushing and refining member cooperate to form a buffer space, and at least one quarter of the plurality of micro-pore channels of the primary crushing and refining member and the secondary crushing and refining member are arranged in an overlapped or superposed manner in a flow direction of the fluid.

A micro-bubble acquisition apparatus is disclosed including a first body in which a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel, a vortex cavity communicating the water inlet channel with the water outlet channel, and an air inlet channel communicated with the vortex cavity are provided. The vortex cavity has an axis offset from an axis of the water inlet channel, the vortex cavity is provided with a water inlet communicated with the water inlet channel, and the water inlet is arranged at a side of the axis of the water inlet channel away from the axis of the vortex cavity.

A mixing and dispensing device and method. In particular, the device used by the applied method reduces the risk of chlorine gas formation while providing a stable, effective and safe disinfectant in the form of a hypochlorous add and sodium hypochlorite mixture. The mixing and dispensing device includes a highly concentrated disinfectant and dilutes the concentrate through the device while simultaneously mixing the concentrate with a dilute solution of an organic acid. The two diluted solutions are mixed without production of chlorine gas and to a level of safety before being dispensed to produce the stable, effective and safe neutral pH sodium hypochlorite solution disinfectant in the form of a hypochlorous add and sodium hypochlorite mixture. The mixing and dispensing device can be in the form of a kit for retrofitting into institutions or isolated, remote areas in need thereof or for off the shelf use in the home.