A system may include a nanobubble generator that uses a shearing force applied by a fluid received through a fluid inlet and a negative pressure applied to an outlet by a pump to provide a vacuum-assisted shear flow nanobubble generator system. In some implementations, the system may include a nanobubble generator including a porous component including a chamber coupled to receive a gas and including a surface having a plurality of gas-permeable openings. The nanobubble generator may include an inlet and an outlet on opposing sides of the porous component to direct the fluid across the openings. The system may include a pump to apply a negative pressure to the outlet of the nanobubble generator. The negative fluid pressure and the fluid flow across the openings cooperate to form nanobubbles at low injected gas pressures, increasing the efficiency of production of nanobubble solutions with pressure sensitive gasses, such as ozone.

There are provided a method and apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing drinking water that can fill a packaging container with hydrogen-containing water while suppressing the change of the dissolved hydrogen concentration of the hydrogen-containing water to a low level.

A method of continuously manufacturing hydrogen-containing drinking water includes (A) a deaeration step, (B) a hydrogen dissolving step, (C) a filling step, and (D) a sealing step. Pressure is applied to water flow channels corresponding to hydrogen-containing water, which is to be injected to a packaging container in the filling step, from purified water that is to be supplied to the deaeration step. The filling step includes: a preparation stage of supplying hydrogen-containing water, to which pressure is applied, into a filling device; a deaeration stage of removing gas, which is present in the packaging container, after connecting the packaging container to the filling device; an injection stage of directly injecting the hydrogen-containing water, to which pressure is applied, into the packaging container; and a discharge stage of discharging hydrogen-containing water, which remains in the filling device, into the packaging container by introducing pressurized air into the filling device. The method further includes a step of immediately proceeding to the sealing step (D) when the injection port and the filling port are disconnected from each other.

A low-power process for combining a first, lower pressure gas stream with a second, higher pressure gas stream employs a membrane device. The first and second gas streams are permeated in the device's permeation membrane, which facilitates net permeation flow from the first gas stream to the second gas stream. A low pressure stream and a separate high pressure stream are discharged from the membrane device after permeating. The low pressure stream has a flow rate less than that of the first stream and the high pressure stream has a flow rate greater than that of the second stream. Because of the membrane permeation, the low pressure stream can be combined with the high pressure stream using less compression power than would be required for direct compression of the first gas stream into the second.

A manufacturing apparatus for calcium carbonate can fix carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate safely and without releasing carbon dioxide to the air. A manufacturing apparatus for calcium carbonate includes a reaction tank, a slurry supplying means, a fine bubble generation device, and a circulation line that includes a space where a slurry can flow and that is formed through the reaction tank and the fine bubble generation device. The reaction tank has the airtightness to not release carbon dioxide. The slurry supplying means supplies the slurry containing calcium hydroxide into the reaction tank. The fine bubble generation device includes a fine bubble generation tube with a tubular shape that is formed of a porous body. Carbon dioxide is blown as fine bubbles into the slurry flowing in the fine bubble generation tube by supplying a carbon dioxide gas into the fine bubble generation device from the outside.

An apparatus for producing nano-bubbles in a moving liquid carrier includes a conduit through which a liquid carrier can flow, a gas diffuser disposed on an inner surface of the conduit, and a funnel comprising: (i) a first open end having a first cross-sectional area that receives a moving liquid carrier; (ii) a second open end opposite the first open end defining a second cross-sectional area smaller than the first cross-sectional area and fluidly coupled to the opening of the conduit; and (iii) a wall extending from the first open end to the second open end. The funnel is configured to create turbulent flow above the turbulent threshold in the absence of external energy that allows the liquid carrier to shear gas from the outer surface of the diffuser, thereby forming nano-bubbles in the liquid carrier.