A device for mixing two gas streams, the device includes: an inner pipe, wherein: the inner pipe is arranged substantially concentrically within an outer pipe and forms an annulus between an outer diameter of the inner pipe and an inner diameter of the outside pipe; the inner pipe is closed at a downstream end; and the inner pipe comprises a plurality of perforations; and the outer pipe, wherein: a downstream end of the outer pipe extends into a reactor; the outer pipe is closed at the downstream end; and the downstream end of the outer pipe comprises a plurality of perforations. The mixed gas stream can enter the reactor. The reactor can be an Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) reactor.

An inlet for an SCR device including a tube having an upstream end for receiving exhaust gases and a downstream end terminating in a porous wall. A plurality of openings are spaced around the circumference of the tube adjacent the porous wall and a plurality of vanes are formed at a connection junction adjacent one edge of the opening to form vanes extending inward at an acute angle relative to a plane between the connecting junction and the longitudinal axis of the tube. Preferably, the vanes are concave on the surface extending inward to promote more effective mixing.

Various aspects of the present invention relate to the control and manipulation of fluidic species, for example, in microfluidic systems. In one aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for making droplets of fluid surrounded by a liquid, using, for example, electric fields, mechanical alterations, the addition of an intervening fluid, etc. In some cases, the droplets may each have a substantially uniform number of entities therein. For example, 95% or more of the droplets may each contain the same number of entities of a particular species. In another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for dividing a fluidic droplet into two droplets, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions with an electric field. The invention also relates to systems and methods for fusing droplets according to another aspect of the invention, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions. In some cases, the fusion of the droplets may initiate or determine a reaction. In a related aspect of the invention, systems and methods for allowing fluid mixing within droplets to occur are also provided. In still another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for sorting droplets, e.g., by causing droplets to move to certain regions within a fluidic system. Examples include using electrical interactions (e.g., charges, dipoles, etc.) or mechanical systems (e.g., fluid displacement) to sort the droplets. In some cases, the fluidic droplets can be sorted at relatively high rates, e.g., at about 10 droplets per second or more. Another aspect of the invention provides the ability to determine droplets, or a component thereof, for example, using fluorescence and/or other optical techniques (e.g., microscopy), or electric sensing techniques such as dielectric sensing.

An apparatus for preparing a water/diesel oil micro-emulsion comprises a mixing device operatively connected to a mixing tank. The mixing device comprises a cone shaped septum placed in a duct, coaxial with respect to a main direction and tapering towards an outlet nozzle. The cone shaped septum is provided with a plurality of holes made through its conical wall. A plurality of lamellae is arranged in at least a portion of the duct placed downstream of the cone shaped septum, divides the portion in a plurality of small chambers and is provided with through holes. The holes and the small chambers delimit a labyrinth passageway for the liquid flowing through the duct towards the outlet nozzle.

A device for mixing two gas streams, the device includes: an inner pipe, wherein: the inner pipe is arranged substantially concentrically within an outer pipe and forms an annulus between an outer diameter of the inner pipe and an inner diameter of the outside pipe; the inner pipe is closed at a downstream end; and the inner pipe comprises a plurality of perforations; and the outer pipe, wherein: a downstream end of the outer pipe extends into a reactor; the outer pipe is closed at the downstream end; and the downstream end of the outer pipe comprises a plurality of perforations. The mixed gas stream can enter the reactor. The reactor can be an Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) reactor.

A nozzle including a first channel, a second channel annularly disposed around the first channel, and a plurality of third channels fluidly connected to the second channel. The nozzle includes an interior cavity having a first inlet fluidly connected to the first channel and a plurality of second inlets. Individual second inlets of the plurality of second inlets fluidly connect to individual third channels of the plurality of third channels. The interior cavity includes an outlet and an impinging surface located opposite the first inlet.

A cavitation device and method for using the same is useful for cavitationally treating fluids by generation of hydrodynamic cavitation in the fluid followed by the subsequent collapse of cavitation bubbles. The passage of fluid through slot openings in a cylindrical insert mounted in a housing provides fluid jets in an annular cavity to induce hydrodynamic cavitation of the fluid. Fluid is discharged from the annular cavity into a downstream portion of the housing to collapse cavitation bubbles under static pressure.

Various aspects of the present invention relate to the control and manipulation of fluidic species, for example, in microfluidic systems. In one aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for making droplets of fluid surrounded by a liquid, using, for example, electric fields, mechanical alterations, the addition of an intervening fluid, etc. In some cases, the droplets may each have a substantially uniform number of entities therein. For example, 95% or more of the droplets may each contain the same number of entities of a particular species. In another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for dividing a fluidic droplet into two droplets, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions with an electric field. The invention also relates to systems and methods for fusing droplets according to another aspect of the invention, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions. In some cases, the fusion of the droplets may initiate or determine a reaction. In a related aspect of the invention, systems and methods for allowing fluid mixing within droplets to occur are also provided. In still another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for sorting droplets, e.g., by causing droplets to move to certain regions within a fluidic system. Examples include using electrical interactions (e.g., charges, dipoles, etc.) or mechanical systems (e.g., fluid displacement) to sort the droplets. In some cases, the fluidic droplets can be sorted at relatively high rates, e.g., at about 10 droplets per second or more. Another aspect of the invention provides the ability to determine droplets, or a component thereof, for example, using fluorescence and/or other optical techniques (e.g., microscopy), or electric sensing techniques such as dielectric sensing.

Methods and systems are provided for a mixer. In one example, a system may include a mixer arranged in a passage and configured to mix two dissimilar types of gases upstream of a device.

A nanobubble-producing apparatus includes a liquid vat provided with a bubble-containing-liquid inlet in an upper part thereof and a bubble-containing-liquid outlet in a bottom part thereof, a microbubble-containing-liquid supply unit to supply microbubble-containing liquid that contains microbubbles to the bubble-containing-liquid inlet of the liquid vat, an ultrasonic collapse unit to radiate ultrasonic waves to the inside of the liquid vat so that an ultrasonic collapse field in which the collapsing of the microbubbles with the ultrasonic waves is concentrated and nanobubbles are generated is formed at a location where the microbubble-containing liquid supplied into the liquid vat through the bubble-containing-liquid inlet flows downward, and a nanobubble-containing-liquid extraction portion where the nanobubble-containing liquid that contains the nanobubbles generated by the ultrasonic collapse unit is taken out of the liquid vat through the bubble-containing-liquid outlet.