A static mixing apparatus for mixing a fluid, preferably a liquid is provided. The mixer comprises a plurality of chambers in series, the first chamber of the series comprising a fluid inlet, and the final chamber of the series comprising a fluid outlet, each chamber except the final chamber including orifices defining a flow path from the fluid inlet and into each chamber in series and to the fluid outlet and the final chamber including a gas outlet located at the opposite end of the static mixing apparatus to the fluid inlet and fluid outlet.

A mixing tube for an exhaust treatment assembly, the mixing tube extending along a tube axis and having a first end and a second end; the mixing tube comprising a first longitudinal tube portion at the first end and a second longitudinal tube portion in between the first longitudinal tube portion and the second end; wherein the first longitudinal portion comprises a first set of regularly spaced openings for allowing an exhaust flow to enter the mixing tube and wherein the first longitudinal tube portion and the second longitudinal tube portion are separated from one another by a flow guide component arranged within the mixing tube such as to separate an injection area from a mixing area in the mixing tube; and exhaust treatment assembly comprising the mixing tube.

An additive manufacturing system for additive manufacturing material with long fibers includes an extruder comprising a nozzle that includes a static-mixing portion, a compression portion, and a long fiber alignment portion. The static-mixing portion includes a static-mixing channel with static-mixing rods distributed inside and extending radially inward from a channel wall. The long fiber alignment portion has an alignment channel with a diameter D.sub.AC that is less than a diameter D.sub.SMC of the static-mixing channel. The compression portion includes with a reducing diameter from an input end to an output end of the compression channel. A nozzle and method for additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

An additive manufacturing system for an additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers includes an extruder comprising a nozzle having a nozzle flow channel. The nozzle includes a plurality of spaced apart elongated aligning structures distributed inside the nozzle flow channel and parallel to the longitudinal center axis defining alignment flow channels within the nozzle flow channel. A nozzle for additive manufacturing, a method of additive manufacturing, and a method of making a nozzle for an additive manufacturing system for and additive manufacturing material and embedded short-chopped fibers are also disclosed.

A static mixer for use with biopharmaceutical compositions includes a shell and a core. The shell defines a flow channel therethrough. The shell is formed as a lattice structure that defines a plurality of voids in fluid communication with the flow channel. The core is disposed within the flow channel of the shell. The core is configured to mix a first fluid and a second fluid together as the first fluid and the second fluid flow through the flow channel. The first fluid or the second fluid is a biopharmaceutical composition.