The present invention relates to a micro-interface strengthening reaction system and method for heavy oil hydrogenation preparation of ship fuel, including a liquid phase feed unit, a gas phase feed unit, a micro-interface generator, a fixed-bed reactor and a separation tank. The present invention may reduce the pressure during the reaction by 10-80% while ensuring the efficiency of the reaction by breaking the gas to form micro-sized micro-bubbles and making the micro-bubbles mix with heavy oil to form an emulsion to increase the area between the gas and the liquid phase and to achieve the effect of enhancing mass transfer in a lower preset range. And, the present invention greatly enhances the mass transfer, so that the gas-liquid ratio can be greatly reduced. Also, the method of the present invention has low process severity, high production safety, low product cost per ton, and strong market competitiveness.

The present invention relates to a process for producing LPG and BTX from a mixed feedstream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons by contacting said feedstream in the presence of hydrogen with a first hydrocracking catalyst and contacting the thus obtained first hydrocracked product in the presence of hydrogen with a second hydrocracking catalyst to produce a second hydrocracked product stream comprising LPG and BTX.

Proposed is a carbon dioxide reforming (CDR) reactor having a multilayered catalyst layer arrangement for preventing catalyst deactivation, wherein, in the reactor in which a CDR reaction for reacting methane (CH.sub.4) with carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) to reform the methane into a synthesis gas including carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) is performed, in order to prevent a case where an endothermic reaction between a catalyst and heated reactant gas supplied to the reactor gradually causes the temperature of the reactant gas to decrease and the catalyst is deactivated by cokes generated due to the decrease in temperature of the reactant gas, CDR catalysts in the reactor are arranged in multiple layers in a multilayered structure to allow the reactant gas temperature that has decreased due to the endothermic reaction to be restored in spaces between the catalyst layers.

A fluid mixer for a reactor of a hydrocarbon processing plant includes a substantially cylindrical mixing chamber, at least one first inlet for conducting first fluid to the mixing chamber from above the mixing chamber and along a side wall of the mixing chamber to produce a spiral stream in the mixing chamber, at least one second inlet for conducting second fluid tangentially into the spiral stream, and an outlet channel for conducting the first and second fluids downwards out from the mixing chamber. The outlet channel is concentric to the mixing chamber and includes a mixing structure for enhancing mixing of the first and second fluids. At least a part of the mixing structure is located below an upper edge of the outlet channel and produces turbulence in a stream of the first and second fluids flowing in the outlet channel.

The invention relates to Quench box assembly comprising quench pipe and quench box, to mix quench gas and vapor-liquid effluent from previous catalyst bed to achieve equilibrium temperature before entering the next bed. The quench pipe is in the form of ring having aperture while quench box consists of swirling section and a mixing chamber. The swirling section consists of inclined baffles to provide swirling action to incoming stream and the turbulence created by the swirling action increases the heat transfer rate thus requiring the smaller reactor volume to attain equilibrium temperature. The perforated plate being open from all the sides allowing the liquid to flow uniformly from all directions thus providing uniform distribution on the distributor tray. Hence, eliminates the requirement of rough liquid distributor before the distribution tray.

A catalytic reactor comprises a load distributor assembly to evenly transfer a load from equipment (internals) to a reactor support ring or support structure fixed within the reactor shell, thereby maximizing the possible load to be applied to the support ring or support structure without any hot-work modifications and without exceeding the allowable tensions/stress.

Provided is a refining apparatus of a waste plastic pyrolysis oil including a reactor where a waste plastic pyrolysis oil is introduced and hydrotreated, wherein the reactor includes Area 1 including a hydrotreating catalyst having a Mo content of 1 to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight; and Area 2 including a hydrotreating catalyst having a Mo content of 5 to 40 wt % and a Ni or Co content of 4 to 50 wt % with respect to the total weight, and the waste plastic pyrolysis oil is refined by passing through Area 1 and Area 2 sequentially.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a composite hydroalkylation catalyst including: (a) effecting impregnation of a hydrogenation metal on an inorganic oxide to form a metal impregnated inorganic oxide; (b) effecting calcination of the metal impregnated inorganic oxide to obtain a calcined metal impregnated inorganic oxide; (c) preparing a composite mixture comprising a molecular sieve, the calcined metal impregnated inorganic oxide and a binder; (d) preparing an extruded catalyst; and (e) effecting calcination of the extruded catalyst to obtain the composite hydroalkylation catalyst. The composite hydroalkylation catalyst prepared using this process affords dramatic improvement in conversion of mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and the yield of the hydroalkyled mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. CHB).

A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

An ammonia synthesis converter for small production units which provides full access for routine maintenance and catalyst replacement while providing adequate catalyst pressure drop to ensure kinetic performance and reduce heat leak from the catalyst beds. A shell has a removable top head and an annular basket is removably mounted in the shell. First and second catalyst beds are disposed in the annular zone of the basket for axial down-flow in series. A quench gas is introduced into effluent from the first catalyst bed and the resulting mixture into a top of the second catalyst bed. A feed-effluent interchanger in the inner basket zone is adapted to receive effluent from the second catalyst bed and indirectly heat a feed to the first catalyst bed. Also, methods of operating and servicing the converter.