An isothermal carbon monoxide (CO) shift reactor having high CO conversion and the process technology comprises the outside pressure vessel; the catalyst unit; upper and lower tube sheets welded with water tubes and bottom tee joints; the said outside pressure vessel has seal heads at the upper and lower ends; the said vessel has a water chamber and a steam chamber at the upper section. The catalyst unit comprises the upper catalyst bed with water tubes. There is a central pipe that is located in the said vessel, of which the upper end is located in the upper catalyst bed while the lower end is located in the lower catalyst bed; the said bottom tee joint has an inlet for feed gas, outlet for reacted shift gas and inlet for steam-water mixture; the said central pipe is installed with spray nozzle for steam-water mixture; the said reactor is applicable for process technologies for feed and effluent gas having different CO contents. Low temperature, high CO feed content, high shift conversion and low system pressure drop are direct results of this disclosure.

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed housing and a microwave chamber. The filter bed housing comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet.

The present invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of a feed of hydrocarbons containing polyunsaturated molecules comprising at least 3 carbon atoms, using a single principal fixed bed reactor R1 containing at least two catalytic beds A1 and A2 and a fixed bed guard reactor which is reduced in size, said hydrogenation reactors being disposed in series for use in a cyclic manner in accordance with a sequence of steps which can be used to short-circuit the catalytic bed or beds of the principal reactor which have been at least partially deactivated with the aid of the guard reactor, while ensuring the continuous operation of the process.

A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out an air heated pre-reforming process, a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

A process for filtering a liquid stream from a fixed bed reaction zone in order to remove catalyst fines contained in the stream. The effluent stream is passed to a filtering section which may contain at least two filtering vessels. Each filtering vessel includes at least two differently filtering sections, each section designed to collect differently sized particles. If a pressure drop occurs in one of the filtering vessels, it may be taken offline to remove the filtering sections and recover the metal in the particles collected on the filtering sections. The other filtering vessel can remain online to allow the filtering process to be continuous. Metal on the catalyst fines may be recovered.

In one aspect, a process for controlling a temperature of fluid entering a post treat reactor in a naphtha hydrotreater includes measuring a temperature of hydrotreater reactor effluent and determining a set point based on the measured temperature. The set point is transmitted to a first temperature indicator controller, and the first temperature indicator controller measures a temperature of fluid flowing into a post treat reactor and adjusts a combined feed flow through a bypass of an upstream combined feed exchanger. This reduces an amount of heat exchanged in the combined feed exchanger and thus prevents the fluid temperature of the fluid entering the post treat reactor from falling below the set point.

Provided is a reformate hydrotreatment method, the method comprising: under liquid phase hydrotreatment conditions, bringing the reformate and a catalyst having a catalytic hydrogenation effect into contact in a hydrogenation reactor, the hydrogen used in the hydrotreating process at least partially coming from the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate. According to the method of the present invention, the reformate separated from a reformate products separating tank can directly undergo liquid phase hydrotreatment; therefore not only can the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate be fully utilized, but the olefins in the reformate can also be removed, while eliminate the requirements for recycle hydrogen and a recycle device thereof. The reformate obtained by the method of the present invention reduces the bromine index to below 50 mgBr.sub.2/100 g, and has an arene loss of less than 0.5 wt %.

A multi-stage process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217:2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel from a high sulfur Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217:2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel except for the sulfur level, involving hydrotreating under reactive distillation conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels. The reactive distillation conditions allow more than 75% by mass of the Process Mixture to exit the bottom of the reaction vessel as Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) less than 0.5 mass %. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

Provided are a gas production apparatus (that is, an industrially advantageous gas production apparatus), a gas production system, and a gas production method that can easily and accurately determine the timing to end a reaction and can operate stably.

A gas production apparatus 1 includes: reactors 4a and 4b each of which includes a container 41 through which a substrate gas is capable of passing and a reducing agent layer (packed bed) 42 with which the container 41 is filled and which includes a metal oxide that exchanges oxygen elements with the substrate gas by an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction; and a plurality of temperature sensors 4T1 to 4T4 that are connected to each of the reactors 4a and 4b and measure temperatures of a plurality of measurement points of the packed bed 42 along a passage direction of the substrate gas, respectively. When a length of the packed bed 42 along the passage direction of the substrate gas is H, an interval between adjacent measurement points is equal to or less than H/3.