A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a first reaction step and a second reaction step given below: (1) a first reaction step: hydrocracking a raw material oil in the presence of a hydrocracking reaction catalyst at a feeding pressure of hydrogen of from 0.2 to 0.95 MPa, a liquid hourly space velocity of a liquid volume of the raw material oil of from 0.05 to 0.5 hr.sup.−1, and a ratio of a flow rate of the hydrogen to a flow rate of the raw material oil of from 100 to 1,000 NL of the hydrogen per 1 L of the raw material oil; and (2) a second reaction step: hydrogenating the cracked solution in the presence of a hydrogenation reaction catalyst at a feeding pressure of hydrogen of from 0.2 to 0.95 MPa, a liquid hourly space velocity of a liquid volume of the raw material oil of from 0.2 to 5 hr.sup.−1, and a ratio of a flow rate of the hydrogen to a flow rate of the raw material oil of from 100 to 1,000 NL of the hydrogen per 1 L of the raw material oil. According to the present invention, a desired liquid hydrocarbon fuel can be produced by carrying out a combination of the hydrocracking reaction and the hydrogenation reaction of a raw material oil such as fats and oils in a given composition by feeding a low-pressure hydrogen of nearly a normal pressure.

A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed, such as crude oil or other heavy oils, may include hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed in a hydrotreating unit to produce a hydrotreated effluent that includes asphaltenes, coke precursors, or both. The process further includes hydrocracking the hydrotreated effluent in a hydrocracking unit to produce a hydrocracked effluent, adsorbing at least a portion of the asphaltenes, coke precursors, or both, from the hydrotreated effluent, the hydrocracked effluent, or both, separating the hydrocracked effluent into at least an upgraded lesser-boiling effluent and a greater-boiling effluent in a hydrocracked effluent separation system, and steam cracking the upgraded lesser-boiling effluent to produce olefins, aromatic compounds, or combinations of these. The process may further include recycling the greater boiling effluent back to the hydrotreating unit and hydrocracking a middle distillate effluent from the hydrocracked effluent separation system. Systems for conducting the processes are also disclosed.

Provided is a method and device for viscosity-reducing and upgrading of low-grade heavy oil. The method comprises: (a) performing visbreaking reaction on low-grade heavy oil raw material and controlling the content of toluene insolubles in the produced oil; (b) mixing the produced oil in step (a) with hydrogen in a gas-liquid mixer to obtain a hydrogen-oil mixture in liquid state, or mixing the produced oil in step (a) with hydrogen to obtain hydrogen-oil mixture in gas-liquid state; in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, performing hydrogenation reaction on the hydrogen-oil mixture in liquid state or the hydrogen-oil mixture in gas-liquid state in the reactor, and obtaining a viscosity-reduced and upgraded oil after the reaction. It is viscosity-reducing and upgrading method by combining thermal visbreaking and fixed-bed hydrogenation, which can solve the problems of high viscosity, high density and poor stability of low-grade heavy oil products in the prior art.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A two-reactor catalytic system including a catalytic membrane gasification reactor and a catalytic membrane water gas shift reactor. The catalytic system, for converting biomass to hydrogen gas, features a novel gasification reactor containing both hollow fiber membranes that selectively allow O.sub.2 to permeate therethrough and a catalyst that facilitates tar reformation. Also disclosed is a process of converting biomass to H2. The process includes the steps of, among others, introducing air into a hollow fiber membrane; mixing the O.sub.2 permeating through the hollow fiber membrane and steam to react with biomass to produce syngas and tar; and reforming the tar in the presence of a catalyst to produce more syngas.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C.sub.2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C.sub.2+ compounds.

The invention relates to an integrated process for assessing one or more properties of a catalyst. In the method, a standard chemical reactor or reactors is/are provided, and a bypass means is also provided, to transport a sample of whatever is added to the industrial reactor, to the test reactor. Both gases and liquids are transferred to the test reactor.

The invention provides a reaction system for the production of ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene glycol. The reaction system having a guard bed system upstream of a catalytic EO reactor. The guard bed system having a feed line supplying a gaseous feed and an effluent line configured to remove the treated gaseous feed. The guard bed system has two or more guard bed vessels arranged in series in sequential order, each having an inlet, a bed of guard bed material and an outlet. The inlet of each guard bed vessel is attached by means of valves to both the feed line and the outlet of the guard bed vessel preceding it in sequential order. The outlet of each guard bed vessel is attached by means of valves to both the effluent line and to the inlet of the guard bed vessel following it in sequential order.