This invention relates to the synthesis of new catalysts based on earth crust abundant mixed oxides that can produce cleavage of fatty acids (FA), FA methyl esters, or even lipids in a single step using oxygen as oxidant in solventless conditions.

A catalyst for producing light aromatics with heavy aromatics, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a use thereof are disclosed. The catalyst comprises a carrier, component (1), and component (2), wherein component (1) comprises one metal element or more metal elements selected from a group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, and Rh, and component (2) comprises one metal element or more metal elements selected from a group consisting of IA group, IIA group, IIIA group, IVA group, IB group, IIB group, IIIB group, IVB group, VB group, VIB group, VIIB group, La group, and VIII group other than Pt, Pd, Ir, and Rh. The catalyst can be used for producing light aromatics with heavy aromatics, whereby heavy aromatics hydrogenation selectivity and light aromatics yield can be improved.

A nitrogen oxide storage material comprising: Mg.sub.1−yAl.sub.2O.sub.4−y, wherein y is a number satisfying 0≤y≤0.2, a noble metal, an oxide of a metal other than the noble metal, and a barium compound, the noble metal, the oxide, and the barium compound being loaded on Mg.sub.1−yAl.sub.2O.sub.4−y. The metal oxide comprises at least one metal oxide selected from zirconium oxide, praseodymium oxide, niobium oxide, and iron oxide.

The invention relates to a catalyst composition suitable for the dehydrogenation of paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms comprising zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, optionally further comprising oxides of cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), tungsten (W) and Zirconium (Zr) or mixtures thereof, wherein said catalyst composition is substantially free of chromium and platinum. The catalysts possess unique combinations of activity, selectivity, and stability. Methods for preparing improved dehydrogenation catalysts and a process for dehydrogenating paraffins having 2-8 carbon atoms, comprising contacting the mixed metal oxide catalyst with paraffins are also described. The catalyst may also be disposed on a porous support in an attrition-resistant form and used in a fluidized bed reactor.

A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, includes feeding the anode with an impure hydrogen stream having low levels of carbon monoxide up to 5 ppm, and wherein the anode includes an anode catalyst layer including a carbon monoxide tolerant catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material includes: (i) a binary alloy of PtX, wherein X is a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and osmium, and wherein the atomic percentage of platinum in the alloy is from 45 to 80 atomic % and the atomic percentage of X in the alloy is from 20 to 55 atomic %; and (ii) a support material on which the PtX alloy is dispersed; wherein the total loading of platinum group metals (PGM) in the anode catalyst layer is from 0.01 to 0.2 mgPGM/cm.sup.2.

Provided is a method of preparing an intermetallic catalyst which includes applying ultrasonic wave to a precursor mixture solution including a noble metal precursor, a transition metal precursor, and a carbon support having an average pore size of about 6 nm to about 15 nm and a specific surface area of about 200 m.sup.2/g to about 2000 m.sup.2/g to form alloy particles in pores of the carbon support, and annealing the alloy particles in the pores of the carbon support to form intermetallic alloy particles.

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

The present invention relates to carbon nanotubes having a pore volume of 0.94 cm.sup.3/g or more, and being an entangled type, a method of manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode for a primary battery which comprises the same.

The present invention relates to carbon nanotubes having a pore volume of 0.94 cm.sup.3/g or more, and being an entangled type, a method of manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode for a primary battery which comprises the same.

The present disclosure provides an exhaust gas purification apparatus for motor vehicles that has succeeded in suppressing peeling of a coat layer from an exhaust gas purification catalyst. Such exhaust gas purification apparatus for motor vehicles comprises: an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a substrate and a coat layer coated on the substrate comprising a microwave-absorbing material, a noble metal, and aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3); and a microwave-generating apparatus for heating the microwave-absorbing material located ahead of the exhaust gas purification catalyst with respect to an exhaust gas flow direction, wherein the microwave-absorbing material includes NiFe.sub.2O.sub.4, the noble metal includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh), and contents of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper(II) oxide (CuO) in the coat layer are equivalent to or lower than the given levels.