The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

A method that includes (a) providing a stream containing ethane and oxygen to an ODH reactor; (b) converting a portion of the ethane to ethylene and acetic acid in the ODH reactor to provide a stream containing ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (c) separating a portion of the acetic acid from the stream to provide an acetic acid stream and a stream containing ethane, ethylene, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (d) providing the stream to a CO Oxidation Reactor containing a catalyst that includes a group 11 metal to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reacting acetylene to produce a stream containing ethane, ethylene and carbon dioxide; and (e) providing a portion of the stream and a portion of the acetic acid stream to a third reactor containing a catalyst that includes a metal selected from group 10 and group 11 metals to produce vinyl acetate.

Disclosed is a NOx-trapping catalyst having a non-platinum-group-metal NOx-trapping layer, which contains a transition metal, particularly manganese, able to maintain NOx-trapping performance while decreasing the amount of expensive platinum-group metal.

A catalyst includes a carbon black support and active metal particles. A surface of the carbon black support has a relative atomic percentage of oxygen atoms ranged from 2 atom % to 12 atom %. The active metal particles are distributed on the carbon black support. Each of the active metal particles includes rhodium metal and rhodium oxide. A method for manufacturing the catalyst and a method for hydrogenating an aromatic epoxy compound are also provided herein.

Processes for converting methane and/or other hydrocarbons to synthesis gas (i.e., a gaseous mixture comprising H.sub.2 and CO) are disclosed, in which at least a portion of the hydrocarbon(s) is reacted with CO.sub.2. At least a second portion of the methane may be reacted with H.sub.2O (steam), thereby improving overall thermodynamics of the process, in terms of reducing endothermicity (H) and the required energy input, compared to pure dry reforming in which no H.sub.2O is present. Catalysts for such processes advantageously possess high activity and thereby can achieve significant levels of methane conversion at temperatures below those used conventionally under comparable conditions. These catalysts also exhibit high sulfur tolerance, in addition to reduced rates of carbon (coke) formation, even in the processing (reforming) of heavier (e.g., naphtha boiling-range or jet fuel boiling-range) hydrocarbons. The robustness of the catalyst translates to high operating stability. A representative catalyst comprises 1 wt-% Pt and 1 wt-% Rh as noble metals, on a cerium oxide support.

A cerium manganese catalyst for ozone decomposition, which is mainly a composite oxide of Mn.sub.2O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2 with the chemical constitution of CeMn.sub.aO.sub.x, a being a natural number selected from 6 to 15. A method for preparing a catalyst comprises: mixing a solution containing a cerium source and a manganese source with excessive urea, reacting to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate to neutral, drying, and roasting to obtain the cerium manganese catalyst.

A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.

This disclosure provides embodiments directed to compositions, methods, and processes to produce compounds having the structure: ##STR00001## each of R1-R5 is selected from a hydroxyl group and hydrogen; and R1-R5 include at least one hydroxyl group and at least one hydrogen; and n=0-2. In particular, methods of the disclosure can include reacting a precursor, the precursor containing more oxygen (O) atoms than the compound, with a gas containing hydrogen (H.sub.2) in the presence of a catalyst.

An oxidation catalyst composite, methods, and systems for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions from a diesel engine are described. More particularly, described is an oxidation catalyst composite including a first oxidation component comprising a first refractory metal oxide support, palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt); a NO.sub.x storage component comprising one or more of alumina, silica, titania, ceria, or manganese; and a second oxidation component comprising a second refractory metal oxide, a zeolite, and Pt. The oxidation catalyst composite is sulfur tolerant, adsorbs NOx and thermally releases the stored NO.sub.x at temperature less than 350 C.

A method for preparing a metal-impregnated, carbon-supported catalyst composition is provided. The method comprises providing a carbon support particle having a smallest dimension of greater than 0.5 millimeters; contacting the carbon support particle with a basic aqueous impregnation solution comprising abase having a pK.sub.b of at most 9 and at least one first metal-containing compound, wherein the first metal-containing compound comprises at least one first metal selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, to form a first metal-impregnated carbon support particle; and drying the first metal-impregnated carbon support particle.