The present invention provides methods and compositions for balancing electron reduction potentials of formulations in a manner that reduces susceptibility to changes from xenobiotics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter based on structuring from a mobile nucleotide integral to its architecture.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides and nucleotides that can be administered to preterm infants, term infants, toddlers, and children for reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides and nucleotides that can be administered to preterm infants, term infants, toddlers, and children for reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

The present invention relates to a composition or cell therapeutic agent for preventing or treating liver fibrosis, containing an exosome or exosome-derived ribonucleic acid. The exosome or ribonucleic acid derived therefrom, of the present invention, has effects of inhibiting activities of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells and reducing the expression of -SMA and inhibits the progression of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the deposition of collagen, thereby being effectively usable as a cell therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis.

Methods for stabilizing or encapsulating at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN), derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, are provided. Compositions including wax prills, stabilized, or encapsulated forms of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, are also provided.

PROBLEM: To provide an anti-aging agent and a method for the anti-aging that are safe in long-term intake and ensures effective suppression of the progress of the aging.

SOLUTION: Nicotinamide mononucleotide is contained as an active ingredient.

The present invention has an object to provide a skin anti-aging agent, an agent for regulating expression of anti-aging related gene, and a cosmetic product comprising the anti-aging agent or the agent for regulating expression of anti-aging related gene which are very safe and can be used reliably for a long term.

The skin anti-aging agent, the agent for regulating expression of anti-aging related gene, and the cosmetic product comprising the anti-aging agent or the agent for regulating expression of anti-aging related gene of the present invention comprise a special low molecular DNA and a soybean extract, preferably a soybean sprout extract, as active ingredients. These active ingredients have activating actions on the function of the dermal fibroblast and are hence expected to prevent or improve the skin aging such as the reduction of skin firmness and elasticity, wrinkles and sagging.

A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, which includes an MKRN1 expression or activity inhibitor as an active ingredient, is provided. Because the MKRN1 of the present invention functions as an E3 ligase, which ubiquitinates AMPK, to degrade an AMPK protein, expression and activity levels of AMPK can be restored by suppressing the MKRN1 expression. Also, the MKRN1 expression or activity inhibitor of the present invention can be effectively used as an active ingredient of the composition for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because an improving effect on obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver can be exhibited by MKRN1 expression knockout in a mouse model in which the MKRN1 expression is knocked out and the obesity, diabetes and fatty liver are induced by high-fat diets.

A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, which includes an MKRN1 expression or activity inhibitor as an active ingredient, is provided. Because the MKRN1 of the present invention functions as an E3 ligase, which ubiquitinates AMPK, to degrade an AMPK protein, expression and activity levels of AMPK can be restored by suppressing the MKRN1 expression. Also, the MKRN1 expression or activity inhibitor of the present invention can be effectively used as an active ingredient of the composition for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because an improving effect on obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver can be exhibited by MKRN1 expression knockout in a mouse model in which the MKRN1 expression is knocked out and the obesity, diabetes and fatty liver are induced by high-fat diets.

Disclosed are compositions containing malt sprouts fraction extracts, their process of preparation and their uses.