Provided herein are methods and compositions for synthesizing 5′Capped RNAs wherein the initiating capped oligonucleotide primers have the general form .sup.m7Gppp[N.sub.2′Ome].sub.n[N].sub.m wherein .sup.m7G is N7-methylated guanosine or any guanosine analog, N is any natural, modified or unnatural nucleoside, “n” can be any integer from 0 to 4 and “m” can be an integer from 1 to 9.

Materials and methods for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are provided herein. For example, materials and methods for increasing the level of hypoxanthine in a mammal identified as having IBS are provided herein

The present invention relates to compositions, in particular dietary compositions, that comprise a combination of choline cation and succinate anion (2−) and nicotinamide, and use of these compositions for maintaining and enhancing the brain energy metabolism in a human, and for preventing and treating symptoms and physiological conditions associated with an imbalanced, damaged or slowed brain energy metabolism in a human subject.

The present invention relates to compositions, in particular dietary compositions, that comprise a combination of choline cation and succinate anion (2−) and nicotinamide, and use of these compositions for maintaining and enhancing the brain energy metabolism in a human, and for preventing and treating symptoms and physiological conditions associated with an imbalanced, damaged or slowed brain energy metabolism in a human subject.

To provide a health drink containing a water-soluble nucleoprotein. A health drink containing a water-soluble nucleoprotein as an active component, and including a composition for elevating a score of a CD4/CD8 cell ratio, a composition for elevating a score of a naive/memory T cell ratio, a composition for elevating a score of the number of NK cells, a composition for decreasing a concentration of 8-OHdG, a composition for enlarging a particle diameter of LDL in a small dense LDL fraction, a composition for elevating a concentration of HDL-C, a composition for elevating a concentration of hemoglobin, or a composition for increasing a rate of hematocrit.

Methods and compositions for reducing symptoms of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction. In various examples, the methods include selecting a subject experiencing a symptom of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction and providing for consumption by the subject, a nicotinamide composition formulated to reduce a frequency and/or severity of the symptom. The nicotinamide composition includes a first component and a second component. In some examples, the first component includes nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide mononucleotide and the second component includes one or more salts that provide a choline cation and a succinate anion (2−). In certain examples, the molar ratio of the choline cation:succinate anion (2−):first component is between 2:1:0.01 and 2:1:1.

Methods and compositions for reducing symptoms of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction. In various examples, the methods include selecting a subject experiencing a symptom of mental concentration dysfunction, mood dysfunction, and/or stress-related dysfunction and providing for consumption by the subject, a nicotinamide composition formulated to reduce a frequency and/or severity of the symptom. The nicotinamide composition includes a first component and a second component. In some examples, the first component includes nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide mononucleotide and the second component includes one or more salts that provide a choline cation and a succinate anion (2−). In certain examples, the molar ratio of the choline cation:succinate anion (2−):first component is between 2:1:0.01 and 2:1:1.

A dietary supplement and method for synthesis of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment of the method, an NADH component is provided which includes NADH from about 0.1% to about 0.5% blended with water from about 40% to about 84% both by weight of the dietary supplement. A supplement component from about 9% to about 99% by weight of the dietary supplement is also provided. The supplement component may include collagen in about 2% to about 10%, vitamins in about 0.00001% to about 3%, and minerals in about 0.000002% to about 0.5% all by weight of the dietary supplement. A mixed component is formed by mixing the NADH component with the supplement component at ambient conditions. The mixed component is a liquid at ambient conditions having a pH of less than 4.0. The mixed component is subjected to a cold fill production process.

A dietary supplement and method for synthesis of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment of the method, an NADH component is provided which includes NADH from about 0.1% to about 0.5% blended with water from about 40% to about 84% both by weight of the dietary supplement. A supplement component from about 9% to about 99% by weight of the dietary supplement is also provided. The supplement component may include collagen in about 2% to about 10%, vitamins in about 0.00001% to about 3%, and minerals in about 0.000002% to about 0.5% all by weight of the dietary supplement. A mixed component is formed by mixing the NADH component with the supplement component at ambient conditions. The mixed component is a liquid at ambient conditions having a pH of less than 4.0. The mixed component is subjected to a cold fill production process.

The present invention relates to a polypeptide having lipase activity wherein the polypeptide when aligned with the polypeptide according to SEQ ID NO: 1, comprises at least an amino acid substitution L410X and optionally one or more amino acid substitutions chosen from S365Q, S365N, L413M, G414A, G414S, G414V, G414T, V534L and V534l, wherein the 10 numbering of amino acid position(s) is/are defined with reference to SEQ ID NO: 1. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a product comprising an oil or fat comprising bringing an intermediary form of the product comprising oil or fat into contact with a polypeptide as disclosed herein and the use of a polypeptide as disclosed herein to saturated fatty acids in an oil or fat.