The present invention relates to a single-stranded DNA aptamer that binds to glutathione to inhibit oxidation of the glutathione or stabilize the glutathione, characterized in that the single-stranded DNA aptamer has one or more stem-loop structures; a method for oxidation prevention and stabilization of glutathione using the aptamer; and application to various fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food, using the aptamer. The aptamer of the present invention can be applied to various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food, which require oxidation prevention and stabilization of glutathione.

The present invention relates to a composition for inducing browning, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating metabolic diseases, and a food composition for alleviating metabolic diseases, all of the compositions containing milk exosomes. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for inducing the differentiation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes or brown adipocytes by treatment with the milk exosomes, and a method for treating obesity or metabolic diseases by administering the milk exosomes.

Mycotoxin-deactivating aptamers, especially DNA aptamers, bind to mycotoxins in feed and feed ingredients resulting in the reduction or elimination of toxic and carcinogenic effects of mycotoxins. The invention also discloses a composition comprising a mycotoxin-deactivating aptamer, a binding agent, a biotransforming agent and an antioxidant for detoxifying mycotoxins in feeds. In addition, the invention teaches the methods of preparing the mycotoxin-deactivating aptamer-based composition and also the methods of using it as a feed additive. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the mycotoxin-deactivator/s alone, or in a composition comprising the aptamers and other mycotoxin-detoxifying agents, in feeds and feed ingredients for detoxifying the major mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A.

Mycotoxin-deactivating aptamers, especially DNA aptamers, bind to mycotoxins in feed and feed ingredients resulting in the reduction or elimination of toxic and carcinogenic effects of mycotoxins. The invention also discloses a composition comprising a mycotoxin-deactivating aptamer, a binding agent, a biotransforming agent and an antioxidant for detoxifying mycotoxins in feeds. In addition, the invention teaches the methods of preparing the mycotoxin-deactivating aptamer-based composition and also the methods of using it as a feed additive. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the mycotoxin-deactivator/s alone, or in a composition comprising the aptamers and other mycotoxin-detoxifying agents, in feeds and feed ingredients for detoxifying the major mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for balancing electron reduction potentials of formulations in a manner that reduces susceptibility to changes from xenobiotics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter based on structuring from a mobile nucleotide integral to its architecture.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for balancing electron reduction potentials of formulations in a manner that reduces susceptibility to changes from xenobiotics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter based on structuring from a mobile nucleotide integral to its architecture.

Infant formulas that include at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), where the AA and DHA are present in an n-6/n-3 ratio of between 1 and 1.8, at least 30 mg/L of nucleotides, where the nucleotides include inosine monophosphate, and at least 30 μg/L of lutein are disclosed. Also provided are methods of use of the infant formulas for improving at least one of cognition, learning, and memory in an infant. The methods include administering the infant formulas to an infant.

Infant formulas that include at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), where the AA and DHA are present in an n-6/n-3 ratio of between 1 and 1.8, at least 30 mg/L of nucleotides, where the nucleotides include inosine monophosphate, and at least 30 μg/L of lutein are disclosed. Also provided are methods of use of the infant formulas for improving at least one of cognition, learning, and memory in an infant. The methods include administering the infant formulas to an infant.

Embodiments disclosed relate to a nutritional formula having non-fat milk powder, lactose, an oil blend, enriched whey protein concentrate, oligosaccharides, choline, arachidonic acid (ACA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), magnesium oxide, sodium citrate, lactoferrin, inositol, taurine, iron, L-carnitine, zinc, nucleotides, soy lecithin, pantothenic acid, copper, D-biotin, folic acid, lutein, manganese sulfate, iodine, Beta-carotene, and selenium, and to methods of delivering nutrition to a subject.

Embodiments disclosed relate to a nutritional formula having non-fat milk powder, lactose, an oil blend, enriched whey protein concentrate, oligosaccharides, choline, arachidonic acid (ACA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), magnesium oxide, sodium citrate, lactoferrin, inositol, taurine, iron, L-carnitine, zinc, nucleotides, soy lecithin, pantothenic acid, copper, D-biotin, folic acid, lutein, manganese sulfate, iodine, Beta-carotene, and selenium, and to methods of delivering nutrition to a subject.