This disclosure is directed to inhibitory oligonucleotides, inhibitory peptides, compositions and methods for preventing or treating Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In one aspect, the disclosure is directed to compositions that comprise inhibitory oligonucleotides against one or more SARS-CoV-2 virus genes. In another aspect, the disclosure is directed to compositions that comprise inhibitory peptides that inhibit SARS-COV-2 entry into cells. Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to gene therapy methods for treating COVID-19, and vectors for carrying out the same. Finally, the disclosure provides nutritional supplements to support human immunity and prevent or inhibit viral infections.

The invention provides a compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R is methyl or ethyl. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the compound. The invention further provides a method for increasing cell NAD.sup.+ production or improving mitochondrial densities in a cell, wherein the method comprises administering to the cell a compound or salt of the invention.

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Provided herein are methods and compositions for synthesizing 5′Capped RNAs wherein the initiating capped oligonucleotide primers have the general form .sup.m7Gppp[N.sub.2′Ome].sub.n[N].sub.m wherein .sup.m7G is N7-methylated guanosine or any guanosine analog, N is any natural, modified or unnatural nucleoside, “n” can be any integer from 0 to 4 and “m” can be an integer from 1 to 9.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for synthesizing 5′Capped RNAs wherein the initiating capped oligonucleotide primers have the general form .sup.m7Gppp[N.sub.2′Ome].sub.n[N].sub.m wherein .sup.m7G is N7-methylated guanosine or any guanosine analog, N is any natural, modified or unnatural nucleoside, “n” can be any integer from 0 to 4 and “m” can be an integer from 1 to 9.

The present invention relates to a method of treating disorders caused by iron deficiency, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation comprising, as active ingredients, a composition comprising at least 40% of 5′-ribonucleotides by weight of the total weight of the composition, and an inorganic iron salt.

Disclosed are products and methods for monitoring Klotho protein levels and for stabilizing Klotho protein in a mammalian blood sample, especially at room temperature or without freezing, for a period of time. Methods of detecting and quantifying Klotho protein levels, particularly endogenous and/or exogenous soluble alpha Klotho protein levels, methods of diagnosing Klotho protein deficiency, and methods of increasing Klotho protein levels or production, particularly endogenous and/or exogenous soluble alpha Klotho protein level(s), expression, or production, in a mammalian subject, and products useful in performing the same, including diagnostic kits and compositions for treating Klotho protein deficiency, are disclosed. Compositions are configured or formulated to augment natural soluble alpha Klotho protein production, attenuate Klotho protein damage or degradation, and/or supplement Klotho protein levels with exogenous, recombinant protein. Treatment methods and uses include administration of the compositions to human or non-human mammalian subjects.

The present invention relates to a microRNA expression promoting agent, containing pterostilbene, wherein the microRNA is at least one selected from the group consisting of miR-34a, miR-16, miR-126, miR-193b, and let-7a.

The present invention relates to a microRNA expression promoting agent, containing pterostilbene, wherein the microRNA is at least one selected from the group consisting of miR-34a, miR-16, miR-126, miR-193b, and let-7a.

Provided herein are methods and compositions comprising a bacterium or a metabolite thereof for enhancing mitochondrial and/or peroxisomal function.

CPNE7 protein or a nucleotide encoding for CPNE7 protein, or compositions containing the CPNE7 or the nucleotide and their uses are disclosed. The protein, nucleotide, or composition is useful for preventing or treating fatty liver disease. The CPEN7 protein regulates the expression of the SREBF1 (SREBP1) gene or a gene encoding the same. The composition can be a pharmaceutical composition or a quasi-drug composition, a health functional food, or a dietary supplement, which is suitable for preventing or alleviating fatty liver disease.