A method for lowering the sodium content of different carriers which may have different physical properties as well as varying degrees of sodium is provided. The method, which lowers the sodium content from the surface, subsurface as well as the binding layer of the carrier, includes contacting a carrier with water. A rinse solution is recovered from the contacting. The rinse solution includes leached sodium from the carrier. The sodium content in the rinse solution is then determined. The contacting, recovering and determining are repeated until a steady state in the sodium content is achieved.

An oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst composition comprising one or more oxides doped with Ag; wherein one or more oxides comprises a single metal oxide, mixtures of single metal oxides, a mixed metal oxide, mixtures of mixed metal oxides, or combinations thereof; and wherein one or more oxides is not La.sub.2O.sub.3 alone. A method of making an OCM catalyst composition comprising calcining one or more oxides and/or oxide precursors to form one or more calcined oxides, wherein the one or more oxides comprises a single metal oxide, mixtures of single metal oxides, a mixed metal oxide, mixtures of mixed metal oxides, or combinations thereof, wherein the one or more oxides is not La.sub.2O.sub.3 alone, and wherein the oxide precursors comprise oxides, nitrates, carbonates, hydroxides, or combinations thereof; doping the one or more calcined oxides with Ag to form the OCM catalyst composition; and thermally treating the OCM catalyst composition.

A carrier having at least three lobes, a first end, a second end, a wall between the ends and a non-uniform radius of transition at the intersection of an end and the wall is disclosed. A catalyst comprising the carrier, silver and promoters deposited on the carrier and useful for the epoxidation of olefins is also disclosed. A method for making the carrier, a method for making the catalyst and a process for epoxidation of an olefin with the catalyst are also disclosed.

A process for the epoxidation of ethylene comprising: contacting an inlet feed gas comprising ethylene, oxygen and one or more reaction modifiers consisting of organic chlorides with an epoxidation catalyst comprising a carrier, and having silver, a rhenium promoter, and one or more alkali metal promoters deposited thereon; wherein the inlet feed gas has an overall catalystchloriding effectiveness value (Cleff) represented by the formula (I): wherein [MC], [EC], [EDC], and [VC] are the concentrations in ppmv of methyl chloride (MC), ethylchloride (EC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and vinylchloride (VC), respectively, and [CH.sub.4], [C.sub.2H.sub.6] and [C.sub.2H.sub.4] are the concentrations in mole percent of methane, ethane, and ethylene, respectively, in the inlet feedgas; wherein at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEO.sub.1 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m.sup.3 catalyst, said process is operating at a reaction temperature having a value T.sub.1 and with the inlet feed gas having an optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of Cl.sub.eff1 to produce ethylene oxide with an ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO.sub.1; and characterised in that the carrier is a fluoride-mineralized alpha-alumina carrier and said process is subsequently operated such that at a cumulative ethylene oxide production cumEO.sub.x, wherein cumEO.sub.x is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m.sup.3 catalyst greater than cumEO.sub.1, the reaction temperature 5 has an increased value T.sub.x to maintain said ethylene oxide production parameter at a value EO1 whilst the optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value of the inlet feed gas Cl.sub.effx is controlled such that the ratio of Cl.sub.effx/Cl.sub.eff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2.

[00001]

An organic matter decomposition catalyst that contains a perovskite type complex oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, wherein A contains 90 at % or more of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba and Sr, B contains 80 at % or more of Zr, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality.

Methods for conditioning an ethylene epoxidation catalyst are provided. The conditioning methods comprise contacting an ethylene epoxidation catalyst comprising a carrier, having silver and a rhenium promoter deposited thereon, with a conditioning feed gas comprising oxygen for a period of time of at least 2 hours at a temperature that is above 180 C. and at most 250 C., wherein the contacting of the ethylene epoxidation catalyst with the conditioning feed gas occurs in an epoxidation reactor and in the absence of ethylene. Associated methods for the epoxidation of ethylene are also provided.

Provided is a catalyst for reduction reaction with which 1,4-butanediol or tetrahydrofuran can be obtained with higher selectivity than with the related art, using a raw material derived from biomass. The catalyst is used in a reduction reaction of 3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran with hydrogen, wherein the catalyst contains metal catalysts (1) and (2) below; metal catalyst (1): a catalyst containing M1 and M2 below as metal species and supported on a carrier; and metal catalyst (2): a catalyst containing M1 below as a metal species and supported on a carrier; M1: one or more selected from the group consisting of iron and elements belonging to periods 4 to 6 and groups 5 to 7 of the periodic table; and M2: one or more selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, and elements belonging to periods 4 to 6 and groups 9 to 11 of the periodic table.

An improved process for the recovery of ethylene oxide from the aqueous scrubbing solution in which the ethylene oxide is recovered into a vaporous stream highly enriched in ethylene oxide.

Oxalic acid is employed in a precursor mixture containing at least one milled alpha alumina powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 6 microns, boehmite powder that functions as a binder of the alpha alumina powders, and at least one burnout material having a particle size of 1-10 microns to provide a porous body having enhanced pore architecture in which extrusion cracks can be reduced. The presence of oxalic acid in such as precursor mixture can reduce and even eliminate NOx emission during a high temperature heat treatment process.

A porous body with enhanced fluid transport properties and crush strength is provided. The porous body includes the porous body includes at least 80 percent alpha alumina and having a pore volume from 0.3 mL/g to 1.2 mL/g, a surface area from 0.3 m.sup.2/g to 3.0 m.sup.2/g, and a pore architecture that provides at least one of a tortuosity of 7 or less, a constriction of 4 or less and a permeability of 30 mdarcys or greater, wherein the porous body is a cylinder comprising at least two spaced apart holes that extend through an entire length of the cylinder. The porous body has a flat plate crush strength improved by more than 10% over a porous body cylinder having a same outer diameter and length, but having only a single hole.