Disclosed herein are methods of using scaled selectivities to assist in determining whether changes to the value of a target ethylene oxide production parametersuch as ethylene oxide production rateused in the process of epoxidizing ethylene with a high-selectivity catalyst, have caused the process to move away from optimal operation. If the deviation from optimal operation has not worsened, it is generally unnecessary to perform a full optimization study even if the value of a target ethylene oxide production parameter has changed, which reduces or eliminates process disturbances caused by carrying out such studies. Methods are also disclosed which use both scaled selectivities and scaled reaction temperatures. If scaled selectivities reveal that a change in the value of a target ethylene oxide production parameter has moved the process away from optimal operation, scaled reaction temperatures can, under certain conditions, provide an indication of the directions in which the reaction temperature and/or overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness should be changed to move toward optimal operation. If a change in the value of a target ethylene oxide production parameter has improved the scaled selectivity, the scaled reaction temperature may also be used to guide further adjustments which may further improve scaled selectivity.

Described herein is a supported catalyst for a liquid-phase reaction, the supported catalyst comprising a perovskite support comprising A-site species and B-site species and a catalytic component on a surface of the perovskite support. Also described herein is a method for tuning the selectivity of a supported catalyst.

The invention relates to a process for conversion of a stream comprising methane and ethane, comprising converting ethane from a stream comprising methane and ethane, in which stream the volume ratio of methane to ethane is of from 0.005:1 to 100:1, to a product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere; separating the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere from the stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane; and chemically converting methane from the stream comprising methane, or feeding methane from the stream comprising methane to a network that provides methane as energy source, or liquefying methane from the stream comprising methane.

The present disclosure is directed to the preparation of silver-based HSCs. During preparation of the catalyst a selected carrier is co-impregnated with a solution containing a catalytically effective amount of silver and a promoting amount of rhenium and other promoters. After co-impregnation, the carrier is subjected to a separate heat treatment prior to calcination. Such heat treatment is conducted for between about 1 minute and about 120 minutes at temperatures between about 40 C. and about 300 C. Catalysts prepared by the present methodology evidence improved selectivity, activity and/or stability resulting in an increase in the useful life of the catalyst.

The present invention provides a solid-phase catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide comprising a permanganate salt and a manganese (II) salt. The solid-phase catalyst stays a solid state in the form of nanoparticles at the time of hydrogen peroxide decomposition, and thus can be recovered for reuse and also has an excellent decomposition rate. In the method for producing a solid-phase catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide according to the present invention, a solid-phase catalyst is produced from a solution containing a permanganate salt, a manganese (II) salt, and an organic acid, so that the produced solid-phase catalyst is precipitated as a solid component even after a catalytic reaction, and thus is reusable and environmentally friendly, and cost reduction can be achieved through the simplification of a catalyst production technique.

Disclosed herein are methods of improving the life of high selectivity, silver catalysts for making ethylene oxide. Ethylene and oxygen are reacted over the high efficiency catalyst with at least one organic chloride modifier, and during a catalyst aging period of no less than 0.03 kt ethylene oxide/cubic meter catalyst, the overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness never exceeds an efficiency-maximizing optimum overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness value that corresponds to a reference feed gas composition and a set of reference reaction condition values. Reaction temperature and/or feed gas oxygen concentration are adjusted to obtain or maintain a desired value of an ethylene oxide production parameter. Once the reaction temperature and/or oxygen concentration vary by a specified amount from their respective reference values in the set of reference reaction condition values, the overall catalyst chloriding effectiveness is changed to account for a shift in the optimum (efficiency-maximizing) value.

A porous body with enhanced fluid transport properties and crush strength is provided. The porous body includes the porous body includes at least 80 percent alpha alumina and having a pore volume from 0.3 mL/g to 1.2 mL/g, a surface area from 0.3 m.sup.2/g to 3.0 m.sup.2/g, and a pore architecture that provides at least one of a tortuosity of 7 or less, a constriction of 4 or less and a permeability of 30 mdarcys or greater, wherein the porous body is a cylinder comprising at least two spaced apart holes that extend through an entire length of the cylinder. The porous body has a flat plate crush strength improved by more than 10% over a porous body cylinder having a same outer diameter and length, but having only a single hole.

A catalyst support comprising at least 85 wt.-% of alpha-alumina and having a pore volume of at least 0.40 mL/g, as determined by mercury porosimetry, and a BET surface area of 0.5 to 5.0 m.sup.2/g, wherein the catalyst support is a tableted catalyst support comprising, based on the total weight of the catalyst support, less than 500 ppmw of potassium. The invention moreover relates to a process for producing a tableted alpha-alumina catalyst support, which comprises i) forming a free-flowing feed mixture comprising i-a) at least one aluminum compound which is thermally convertible to alpha-alumina, the aluminum compound comprising a transition alumina and/or an alumina hydrate; and i-b) 30 to 120 wt.-%, relative to i-a), of a pore-forming material; ii) tableting the free-flowing feed mixture to obtain a compacted body; and iii) heat treating the compacted body at a temperature of at least 1100? C., to obtain the tableted alpha-alumina catalyst support. The invention further relates to a compacted body obtained by tableting a free-flowing feed mixture which comprises, relative to the total weight of the free-flowing feed mixture, a) at least one aluminum compound which is thermally convertible to alpha-alumina, the aluminum compound comprising a transition alumina and/or an alumina hydrate; and b) 30 to 120 wt.-%, relative to a), of a pore-forming material. The invention moreover relates to a shaped catalyst body for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising at least 12 wt.-% of silver, relative to the total weight of the catalyst, deposited on the tableted alpha-alumina catalyst support. The invention also relates to a process for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen in the presence of the shaped catalyst body. The invention allows for the use of specific pore-forming materials that are particularly suitable for obtaining an advantageous pore structure while allowing for a catalyst support having high purity.

A method for preparing acrylic acid, more specifically, to a method for preparing acrylic acid under a neutral condition at high yield in a short time without using a base, unlike the prior art in which a base is essentially used. The acrylic acid is produced using a supported catalyst having a specific composition when preparing acrylic acid by oxidation of allyl alcohol. Particularly, the preparation method can recover acrylic acid rather than acrylic acid salt as a final product, and thus has an advantage that the overall process cost can be reduced by eliminating essential processes in the prior art, such as ion exchange after the acidification process required for the conversion of acrylic acid salt to acrylic acid.

A hierarchical porous material contains primary pore aggregates. The primary pore aggregates combine to form the secondary pore aggregates. The secondary pore aggregates connect to each other formed the hierarchical porous material. There are primary pores on the primary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of primary pore is 5-500 nm. There are secondary pores on the secondary pore aggregates wherein the diameter of secondary pore is 1-5 m. The hierarchical porous material is used as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts or photocatalysts having a significantly improved catalytic activity.