Provided is a supported catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes with a large specific surface area. The supported catalyst enables the production of carbon nanotubes with a large specific surface area in high yield. Therefore, the catalyst can be used in various fields. Also provided are carbon nanotubes produced using the supported catalyst.

The present invention discloses a metal complex catalyst, its preparing method and its application in preparing D,L-menthol, the metal complex catalyst includes weight percent elements as follows: 70-85% of Ni, 8-10% of Al, 5-10% of V, and 2-10% of Co. When this metal complex catalyst is applied in preparing D,L-menthol through thymol hydrogenation, it has the characteristics of high reaction activity and quick racemization of chiral compound. Meanwhile, a certain kind of alkali added in isomerization is the key to reducing light constituent byproduct. The whole process comes in good reaction selectivity, simple preparing technology, low production cost, and environment-friendly synthetic route.

The disclosure relates to a method for making an actuator based on carbon nanotubes. The method includes: providing a carbon nanotube layer; depositing a vanadium oxide (VO.sub.x) layer on the carbon nanotube layer; and annealing the VO.sub.x layer in an oxygen atmosphere to form a vanadium dioxide layer (VO.sub.2) layer. Because the drastic reversible phase transition of VO.sub.2, the actuator has giant deformation amplitude and fast response.

The present invention relates to a vanadium and phosphorus mixed oxide (VPO) catalyst for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. comprising vanadyl pyrophosphate as main component and at least one first promoter element selected from cobalt, iron, copper and mixtures thereof. The present invention further relates to a process for the production of maleic anhydride by partial oxidation of n-butane in the presence of the above mentioned catalyst.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising: (a) a compound having the formula CF.sub.3-xCl.sub.xCHClCHF.sub.2-yCl.sub.y and in the presence of a compound catalyst, undergoes, through n serially-connected reactors, gas-phase fluorination with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane, and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane; in said formula, x=1, 2 or 3; y=1 or 2, and 3x+y5; (b) 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane, and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane undergo, in the presence of a dehalogenation catalyst, gas-phase dehalogenation with hydrogen, producing 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene, and 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; (c) 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene undergo, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, gas-phase fluorination with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The present invention is primarily used to produce 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a catalyst for manufacturing carbon nanotubes, including a metal component represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:

Co.sub.x:[M1,Zr].sub.y:M2.sub.z[Chemical Formula 1] wherein Co represents cobalt or oxides or derivatives thereof, M1 represents at least one metal, or oxides or derivatives thereof, selected from Al, Ca, Si, Ti, and Mg, Zr represents zirconium, or oxides or derivatives thereof, M2 represents at least one metal, or oxides or derivatives thereof, selected from W, V, Mn, and Mo, x/y satisfies 0.2x/y2.6, and x/z satisfies 6x/z13.

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems to produce ammonia from nitrogen and water. In an embodiment, a method of producing ammonia involves contacting nitrogen, water, and at least one superparamagnetic catalyst to form a mixture, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field. In some embodiments, the superparamagnetic catalyst is BVO.sub.2FeO.sub.2.

Described are fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) compositions, methods of manufacture and use. FCC catalyst compositions comprise catalytic microspheres containing a zeolite, a non-zeolitic component, and a rare earth component. The microspheres are modified with phosphorus. The FCC catalyst composition can be used to crack hydrocarbon feeds, particularly resid feeds containing high V and Ni, resulting in lower hydrogen and coke yields.

The present invention relates to the use, in a method for in-situ activation of at least one hydrotreating, in particular hydrocracking, catalyst, of at least one nitrogen compound having at least one of the following characteristics: a) a nitrogen content by weight in the range from 15 to 35 wt %, relative to the total weight of the nitrogen compound; b) a number of nitrogen atoms in the range from 2 to 20; c) a boiling point in the range from 140 C. to 300 C.; and d) said nitrogen compound being in liquid form at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

The present invention also relates to the method for in-situ activation of at least one hydrotreating catalyst comprising at least one step of sulphiding said hydrotreating catalyst in the presence of a sulphiding agent, and a step of passivation of said hydrotreating catalyst in the presence of said at least one nitrogen compound.