A system suitable for oxidizing ammonia with oxygen in the presence of catalysts is described. The system includes a reactor equipped with at least one supply line for a reactant gas mixture and at least one discharge line for a process gas; a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal oxide that is not an oxide of a platinum metal; and a device for adjusting a molar ratio of oxygen to ammonia of less than or equal to 1.75 mol/mol in the reactant gas mixture by mixing an oxygen-containing gas stream having an O.sub.2 content of <20% by volume with a chosen amount of ammonia. The oxygen-containing gas stream is produced by a device for: diluting an air stream with a gas stream comprising less than 20% by volume oxygen; or depleting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas mixture, preferably from air; or by a combination thereof.

A system suitable for oxidizing ammonia with oxygen in the presence of catalysts is described. The system includes a reactor equipped with at least one supply line for a reactant gas mixture and at least one discharge line for a process gas; a catalyst comprising at least one transition metal oxide that is not an oxide of a platinum metal; and a device for adjusting a molar ratio of oxygen to ammonia of less than or equal to 1.75 mol/mol in the reactant gas mixture by mixing an oxygen-containing gas stream having an O.sub.2 content of <20% by volume with a chosen amount of ammonia. The oxygen-containing gas stream is produced by a device for: diluting an air stream with a gas stream comprising less than 20% by volume oxygen; or depleting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas mixture, preferably from air; or by a combination thereof.

Methods, compositions, and articles of manufacture for alkane activation with single- or bi-metallic catalysts on crystalline mixed oxide supports.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for forming a metal oxide coating layer on a catalyst support, which comprises a precipitation step for forming a metal-containing precipitate on the catalyst support by contacting the catalyst support with a mixed solution containing a metal oxide precursor and a precipitant, and a calcination step for calcinating the metal-containing precipitate produced on the catalyst support to produce the metal oxide coating layer on the catalyst support.

Provided is a novel exhaust gas purification catalyst, which uses a Cu-based delafossite oxide, capable of increasing the exhaust gas purification performance compared to the case of using the Cu-based delafossite oxide alone. Proposed is an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a delafossite-type oxide represented by a general formula ABO.sub.2 and an inorganic porous material, wherein Cu is contained in the A site of the general formula of the delafossite oxide, one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Co, Ni, In, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, V, and Ti are contained in the B site thereof, and Cu is contained in 3 to 30% relative to the total content (mass) of the delafossite-type oxide and the inorganic porous material.

The invention provides a metal fiber felt including a woven or nonwoven mixture of fibers including a first plurality of core/shell catalytic metal fibers and an optional second plurality of reinforcing fibers, wherein the catalytic metal fibers include a core including a first metal and a shell including a catalytic metal, the catalytic metal being a noble metal, a base metal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the average diameter of the reinforcing fibers, when present, is greater than the average diameter of the catalytic metal fibers. The metal fiber felt is useful in catalytic articles for use in the abatement of pollutants in exhaust gas streams from internal combustion engines and other environmental and/or chemical catalytic processes.

A base for supporting a catalyst for exhaust gas purification, the base including a honeycomb structure obtained by superposing a metallic flat foil and a metallic wavy foil, characterized in that the wavy foil has offset portions where any adjoining two of the wave phases arranged in the axial direction of the honeycomb structure are offset from each other. The base is further characterized in that an oxide coating film has been formed in a given range of these offset portions which includes exposed edge surfaces that are exposed on the gas-inlet side, that the oxide coating film includes 30-99.9 mass % first alumina, with the remainder comprising at least one of second aluminas, Fe oxides, and Cr oxides, that the first alumina comprises -alumina, that the second aluminas comprise one or more of -, -, -, -, -, and -aluminas.

A base for supporting a catalyst for exhaust gas purification, the base including a honeycomb structure obtained by superposing a metallic flat foil and a metallic wavy foil, characterized in that the wavy foil has offset portions where any adjoining two of the wave phases arranged in the axial direction of the honeycomb structure are offset from each other. The base is further characterized in that an oxide coating film has been formed in a given range of these offset portions which includes exposed edge surfaces that are exposed on the gas-inlet side, that the oxide coating film includes 30-99.9 mass % first alumina, with the remainder comprising at least one of second aluminas, Fe oxides, and Cr oxides, that the first alumina comprises -alumina, that the second aluminas comprise one or more of -, -, -, -, -, and -aluminas.

A catalyst for methane synthesis is made up from layered double hydroxides represented by the following general formula (1).

[M.sup.2+.sub.1-xM.sup.3+.sub.x(OH).sub.2].sup.x+[A.sup.n?.sub.x/n.Math.yH.sub.2O](1)

In formula (1), M.sup.2+ is Ni.sup.2+ and M.sup.3+ is Al.sup.3+ or Cr.sup.3+. Further, A.sup.n? is CO.sub.3.sup.2?. Furthermore, the term x lies within a range of 0.19 to 0.34 (0.19?x?0.34), and y is 0 or a positive integer.

The present invention provides a process of catalytic fluorination in gas phase of product 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane or/and 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane into product 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in presence of a catalyst and oxygen.