The present disclosure relates to nanoparticle compositions, catalyst compositions, processes for making nanoparticle compositions and processes for making catalyst compositions. In at least one embodiment, a composition includes a plurality of nanoparticles, where each nanoparticle includes a kernel, the kernels include at least one metal element and oxygen, and the kernels have an average particle size from 4 to 100 nanometers, and a particle size distribution of less than 20%.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid material including manganese, the method including the following steps: a. bringing into contact an aqueous effluent including manganese, for example at least 5 mg/L, typically at least 5 to 50 mg/L, and preferably 7 to 25 mg/L of manganese, with an oxidizing agent, manganese, preferably at a temperature between 10° C. and 50° C., and obtaining an oxidized aqueous solution; b. adding a base to the oxidized aqueous solution obtained at the end of step a) until a pH of between 8 and 12, preferably greater than 9, and preferably from 9 to 10.5, and obtaining a solution including a precipitate; c. filtration of the solution obtained at the end of step b); and d. obtaining a solid material including manganese, and especially manganese (IV) and/or Mn (III).

A catalyst comprising a carrier and a metals component impregnated in the carrier, the carrier comprising alumina; and the metals component comprising a first metals fraction and a second metals fraction, the first metals fraction comprising at least one metal selected from chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten, and the second metals fraction comprising at least two metals selected from cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, or platinum, wherein the catalyst has a first pore volume of 0.28 to 0.45 mL/g for pores having a pore diameter of 12 nm to less than 16 nm, and a second pore volume of 0.15 to 0.28 mL/g for pores of 2.0 nm to less than 12.0 nm.

A catalyst comprising a carrier and a metals component impregnated in the carrier, the carrier comprising alumina; and the metals component comprising a first metals fraction and a second metals fraction, the first metals fraction comprising at least one metal selected from chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten, and the second metals fraction comprising at least two metals selected from cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, or platinum, wherein the catalyst has a first pore volume of 0.28 to 0.45 mL/g for pores having a pore diameter of 12 nm to less than 16 nm, and a second pore volume of 0.15 to 0.28 mL/g for pores of 2.0 nm to less than 12.0 nm.

A nanocomposite catalyst includes a support, a multiplicity of nanoscale metal oxide clusters coupled to the support, and one or more metal atoms coupled to each of the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. Fabricating a nanocomposite catalyst includes forming nanoscale metal oxide clusters including a first metal on a support, and depositing one or more metal atoms including a second metal on the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. The nanocomposite catalyst is suitable for catalyzing reactions such as CO oxidation, water-gas-shift, reforming of CO.sub.2 and methanol, and oxidation of natural gas.

Novel doped oxide and mixed-oxide materials having a metal homogenously dispersed in the form of isolated metal ions throughout the oxide lattice and methods for making the same.

Perovskite oxides and catalysts containing the perovskite oxides are provided for the thermochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The perovskite oxides can exhibit large carbon monoxide production rates and/or low carbon monoxide production onset temperatures as compared to existing materials. Reactors are provided containing the perovskite oxides and catalysts, as well as methods of use thereof for the thermochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

The present invention is to provide an electron or hydride ion intake/release material comprising a lanthanoid oxyhydride represented by the formula Ln(HO) (in the formula, Ln represents a lanthanoid element) or an electron or hydride ion intake/release composition comprising at least one kind of lanthanoid oxyhydride; a transition metal-supported material wherein a transition metal is supported by the above electron or hydride ion intake/release material or electron or hydride ion intake/release composition; and a catalyst comprising the transition metal-supported material. The electron or hydride ion intake/release material or electron or hydride ion intake/release composition according to the present invention has a higher ability for intake/release of electron or hydride ion than that of a conventional hydride-containing compound, and can be used effectively as a catalyst such as a catalyst having excellent ammonia synthesis activity by supporting a transition metal thereon.

Provided is a composite catalyst used in a dehydro-aromatization reaction of methane, the composite catalyst including a glasslike metal oxide catalyst which includes a supported catalyst including a porous support and a catalyst of a transition metal oxide supported on the support, and a nickel oxide (NiO) physically dispersed in the supported catalyst.

Provided is a composite catalyst used in a dehydro-aromatization reaction of methane, the composite catalyst including a glasslike metal oxide catalyst which includes a supported catalyst including a porous support and a catalyst of a transition metal oxide supported on the support, and a nickel oxide (NiO) physically dispersed in the supported catalyst.